ὥσπερ
hosper
like as, even as
Appears 2,755 times across Aristotle's works.
Frequency by work
Click a work to list every occurrence by Bekker number — each links into the reader.
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History of Animals 467 ▸
Open History of Animals ›Book I 27 ▸
Chapter 14 493b2–11Chapter 15 493b12–494b18Book II 66 ▸
Chapter 1 497b6–501b4Chapter 5 501b29–502a2Chapter 10 502b28–503a14Chapter 11 503a15–503b28Book III 33 ▸
Chapter 2 511b1–512b11Chapter 12 518b35–519a29Chapter 16 519b26–520a5Chapter 21 522b6–523a12Book IV 63 ▸
Chapter 5 530a32–531a7Book V 71 ▸
Chapter 6 541b1–18Chapter 7 541b19–33Chapter 13 544a25–544b11Chapter 24 555a13–18Chapter 26 555a22–26Chapter 28 555b18–556a7Chapter 30 556a14–556b20Chapter 31 556b21–557a32Chapter 33 557b32–558a24Book VI 72 ▸
Chapter 8 564a7–24Chapter 11 566a2–566b1Chapter 15 569a10–570a2Chapter 20 574a16–575a12Chapter 28 578a25–578b5Chapter 30 579a18–30Chapter 34 580a6–10Chapter 37 580b10–581a5Book VII 10 ▸
Book VIII 42 ▸
Chapter 3 592a28–594a3Chapter 8 595b22–596a2Chapter 12 596b19–597b30Chapter 13 597b31–599a19Chapter 15 599a30–600a9Chapter 19 601b9–602b19Chapter 20 602b20–603a29Chapter 21 603a30–604a3Chapter 24 604a22–605a15Book IX 83 ▸
Chapter 2 610b1–19Chapter 9 614a34–614b17Chapter 12 615a20–615b18Chapter 14 616a14–34Chapter 15 616a35–616b11Chapter 16 616b12–18Chapter 18 616b33–617a10Chapter 25 617b19–22Chapter 32 618b18–619b12Chapter 33 619b13–17Chapter 34 619b18–620a12Chapter 43 629a29–629b4Chapter 49 631b5–18 -
Metaphysics 245 ▸
Open Metaphysics ›Book Α 28 ▸
Chapter 1 980a21–982a3Book Β 9 ▸
Book Γ 20 ▸
Book Δ 26 ▸
Chapter 1 1012b34–1013a23Chapter 7 1017a7–1017b9Chapter 9 1017b27–1018a19Chapter 12 1019a15–1020a6Chapter 13 1020a7–32Chapter 14 1020a33–1020b25Chapter 19 1022b1–3Chapter 20 1022b4–14Chapter 23 1023a8–25Chapter 26 1023b26–1024a10Book Ε 1 ▸
Chapter 2 1026a33–1027a28Book Ζ 41 ▸
Chapter 2 1028b8–32Chapter 14 1039a24–1039b19Book Η 13 ▸
Book Θ 10 ▸
Book Ι 26 ▸
Chapter 7 1057a18–1057b34Book Κ 8 ▸
Book Λ 15 ▸
Book Μ 27 ▸
Chapter 6 1080a12–1080b36 -
Generation of Animals 227 ▸
Open Generation of Animals ›Book I 58 ▸
Chapter 2 716a1–716b12Chapter 14 720b2–14Chapter 16 721a2–29Chapter 18 722a1–726a27Book II 67 ▸
Chapter 1 731b18–735a28Chapter 4 737b8–741a5Book III 40 ▸
Chapter 7 757a14–757b30Chapter 8 757b31–758a25Book IV 28 ▸
Chapter 7 775b25–776a14Chapter 8 776a15–777a27Book V 34 ▸
Chapter 8 788b3–789b20 -
Politics 189 ▸
Open Politics ›Book I 33 ▸
Chapter 1 1252a1–23Chapter 5 1254a17–1255a2Chapter 7 1255b16–40Chapter 12 1259a37–1259b17Book II 27 ▸
Chapter 1 1260b27–1261a9Chapter 7 1266a31–1267b21Chapter 10 1271b20–1272b23Chapter 12 1273b27–1274b28Book III 29 ▸
Chapter 9 1280a7–1281a10Chapter 10 1281a11–38Chapter 12 1282b14–1283a22Chapter 13 1283a23–1284b34Chapter 16 1287a1–1287b35Book IV 15 ▸
Chapter 1 1288b10–1289a25Chapter 3 1289b27–1290a29Chapter 5 1292a39–1292b21Chapter 7 1293a35–1293b21Chapter 9 1294a30–1294b41Chapter 11 1295a25–1296b12Chapter 13 1297a14–1297b34Chapter 15 1299a3–1300b12Chapter 16 1300b13–1301a15Book V 42 ▸
Chapter 2 1302a16–1302b4Chapter 5 1304b19–1305a36Chapter 7 1306b22–1307b25Chapter 10 1310a39–1313a14Book VI 7 ▸
Book VII 29 ▸
Chapter 5 1326b26–1327a10Chapter 6 1327a11–1327b19Chapter 7 1327b20–1328a20Chapter 8 1328a21–1328b23Chapter 9 1328b24–1329a39Chapter 10 1329a40–1330a33Chapter 11 1330a34–1331a18Chapter 13 1331b24–1332b11Chapter 17 1336a3–1337a7 -
Nicomachean Ethics 180 ▸
Open Nicomachean Ethics ›Book I 12 ▸
Book II 14 ▸
Book III 16 ▸
Book IV 18 ▸
Book V 24 ▸
Chapter 1 1129a3–1130a13Chapter 6 1134a17–1134b17Chapter 7 1134b18–1135a14Chapter 10 1137a31–1138a3Book VI 13 ▸
Book VII 44 ▸
Chapter 2 1145b21–1146b7Chapter 3 1146b8–1147b19Chapter 12 1152b25–1153a35Book VIII 6 ▸
Book IX 13 ▸
Chapter 2 1164b22–1165a35Chapter 5 1166b30–1167a21Chapter 7 1167b17–1168a27Chapter 8 1168a28–1169b2Chapter 10 1170b20–1171a20Chapter 11 1171a21–1171b28Chapter 12 1171b29–1172a15Book X 20 ▸
Chapter 2 1172b9–1173a12Chapter 6 1176a30–1177a11 -
Parts of Animals 173 ▸
Open Parts of Animals ›Book I 17 ▸
Book II 45 ▸
Chapter 2 647b10–649b8Chapter 5 651a20–651b19Book III 45 ▸
Chapter 3 664a12–665a26Chapter 10 672b10–673a31Chapter 12 673b12–674a3Book IV 66 ▸
Chapter 5 678a27–682a34Chapter 7 683b4–24 -
Physics 164 ▸
Open Physics ›Book I 27 ▸
Chapter 7 189b30–191a22Book II 19 ▸
Chapter 3 194b16–195b30Chapter 4 195b31–196b9Chapter 6 197a36–198a13Book III 20 ▸
Book IV 53 ▸
Chapter 3 210a14–210b31Book V 10 ▸
Book VI 5 ▸
Book VII 8 ▸
Book VIII 22 ▸
Chapter 6 258b10–260a19Chapter 8 261b27–265a12Chapter 9 265a13–266a9 -
Meteorology 138 ▸
Open Meteorology ›Book I 33 ▸
Chapter 6 342b25–344a4Chapter 9 346b16–347a12Chapter 10 347a13–347b11Book II 51 ▸
Chapter 6 363a21–365a13Chapter 7 365a14–365b20Chapter 8 365b21–369a9Book III 17 ▸
Book IV 37 ▸
Chapter 1 378b10–379b9Chapter 2 379b10–380a10Chapter 4 381b23–382a21Chapter 6 382b28–383b17Chapter 11 389a24–389b22 -
Rhetoric 137 ▸
Open Rhetoric ›Book I 37 ▸
Chapter 4 1359a30–1360b3Chapter 13 1373b1–1374b23Book II 47 ▸
Chapter 1 1378a16–29Chapter 3 1380a10–1380b34Chapter 8 1385b11–1386b7Chapter 15 1390b14–31Chapter 19 1392a8–1393a22Book III 53 ▸
Chapter 3 1405b35–1406b19Chapter 4 1406b20–1407a18Chapter 7 1408a10–1408b20Chapter 11 1411b22–1413b2Chapter 13 1414a31–1414b18Chapter 18 1418b40–1419b9Chapter 19 1419b10–1420a8 -
Eudemian Ethics 124 ▸
Open Eudemian Ethics ›Book I 9 ▸
Book II 23 ▸
Chapter 2 1220a38–1220b20Chapter 5 1222a6–1222b14Chapter 6 1222b15–1223a20Chapter 9 1225a34–1225b16Chapter 10 1225b17–1227b11Book III 23 ▸
Book VII 53 ▸
Chapter 2 1235b13–1238b14Chapter 3 1238b15–39Chapter 8 1241a34–1241b9Chapter 11 1244a1–36 -
De Anima 118 ▸
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On the Heavens 86 ▸
Open On the Heavens ›Book I 21 ▸
Chapter 2 268b11–269b17Chapter 3 269b18–270b31Chapter 9 277b27–279b3Book II 32 ▸
Chapter 1 283b26–284b5Chapter 4 286b10–287b21Chapter 6 288a13–289a10Chapter 7 289a11–35Chapter 10 291a29–291b10Chapter 13 293a15–296a23Book III 16 ▸
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Poetics 55 ▸
Open Poetics ›Chapter 3 1448a19–1448b3Chapter 5 1449a32–1449b20Chapter 6 1449b21–1450b20Chapter 7 1450b21–1451a15Chapter 10 1452a12–21Chapter 17 1455a22–1455b23Chapter 20 1456b20–1457a30Chapter 21 1457a31–1458a17 -
Posterior Analytics 51 ▸
Open Posterior Analytics ›Book I 26 ▸
Chapter 3 72b5–73a20Chapter 5 74a4–74b4Chapter 7 75a38–75b20Chapter 9 75b37–76a30Chapter 11 77a5–35Chapter 13 78a22–79a16Chapter 15 79a33–79b22Chapter 17 80b17–81a37Chapter 24 85a13–86a30Chapter 25 86a31–86b39Chapter 31 87b28–88a17Book II 25 ▸
Chapter 2 89b36–90a34Chapter 4 91a12–91b11Chapter 9 93b21–28Chapter 10 93b29–94a19Chapter 14 98a1–23Chapter 16 98a35–98b38 -
On Generation and Corruption 51 ▸
Open On Generation and Corruption ›Book I 33 ▸
Chapter 9 326b29–327a29Book II 18 ▸
Chapter 1 328b26–329b5Chapter 7 334a15–334b29Chapter 8 334b30–335a23Chapter 11 337a34–338b19 -
Sense and Sensibilia 40 ▸
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Mechanica 27 ▸
Open Mechanica ›Chapter 1 847a11–848a37Chapter 3 850a3–29Chapter 9 852a14–22Chapter 20 853b25–854a15Chapter 22 854a32–854b15Chapter 23 854b16–855a27Chapter 26 857a5–21Chapter 29 857b9–20Chapter 31 858a3–12Chapter 34 858a23–858b3 -
Sophistical Refutations 27 ▸
Open Sophistical Refutations ›Chapter 5 166b28–168a16Chapter 12 172b9–173a30Chapter 15 174a17–174b40Chapter 16 175a1–30Chapter 19 177a9–32Chapter 24 179a26–180a22Chapter 25 180a23–180b39Chapter 30 181a36–181b24Chapter 31 181b25–182a6Chapter 32 182a7–182b5 -
Progression of Animals 24 ▸
Open Progression of Animals ›Chapter 3 705a3–25Chapter 12 711a8–711b32Chapter 14 712a23–712b21Chapter 15 712b22–713a25 -
Prior Analytics 22 ▸
Open Prior Analytics ›Book I 13 ▸
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On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 21 ▸
Open On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration ›Chapter 5 469b21–470a18Chapter 6 470a19–470b5Chapter 7 470b6–27Chapter 9 471a20–471b29Chapter 10 471b30–472b5Chapter 12 473a3–14Chapter 14 474a25–474b24Chapter 16 475b15–476a15Chapter 18 476b13–477a10Chapter 20 477a32–478a10Chapter 27 480a16–480b30 -
De Interpretatione 19 ▸
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Movement of Animals 19 ▸
Open Movement of Animals ›Chapter 2 698b8–699a11Chapter 5 700a26–700b3Chapter 9 702b12–703a3 -
De Mirabilibus Auscultationibus 17 ▸
Open De Mirabilibus Auscultationibus ›Chapter 9 831a19–21Chapter 13 831b5–9Chapter 19 831b25–31Chapter 28 832a31–832b3Chapter 41 833a23–27Chapter 51 834a12–22Chapter 72 835b7–14Chapter 73 835b15–22Chapter 109 840b1–17Chapter 122 842a15–35Chapter 128 842b27–31Chapter 146 845a28–34Chapter 149 845b4–9Chapter 152 845b33–846a5Chapter 165 846b18–21 -
Oeconomica 11 ▸
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Topics 8 ▸
Open Topics ›Book IV 1 ▸
Chapter 5 125b15–127a19Book VI 1 ▸
Chapter 14 151a20–151b24Book VII 1 ▸
Chapter 5 154a23–155a38 -
De Lineis Insecabilibus 3 ▸
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Physiognomonics 1 ▸
Open Physiognomonics ›Chapter 6 810a14–814b9
Dictionary (LSJ)
ὥσπερ, or ὥς περ, Adv. of Manner, A. like as, even as, ζῆν ὥ. ἤδη ζῇς S. Ph. 1396; ἐσῴζετʼ ἂν . . , ὥ. οὐχὶ σῴζεται Id. El. 994; but the Verb is more often left to be supplied, οὔ τι κατακρύπτουσιν . . , ὥ. Κύκλωπες Od. 7.206, cf. 2.333, Il. 4.263, 14.50; ἔξεστί θʼ, ὥ. Ἡγέλοχος, ἡμῖν λέγειν . . Ar. Ra. 303; τεταγμένοι ὥ. ἔμελλον Th. 4.93; τοῖς ἠτυχηκόσιν ὥ. ἐγώ D. 45.1; Hom. freq. puts a word between ὡς and περ, e.g. ὡς σύ περ αὐτή, ὡς τὸ πάρος περ, ὡς ἔσεταί περ Od. 19.385, Il. 5.806, 1.211; as for instance, ὅταν χορὸς . . γίγνηται, ὥ. <ὁ> εἰς Δῆλον πεμπόμενος X. Mem. 3.3.12; ὥσπερ differs from ὡς in Hom., in that it seldom has an antecedent expressed, as in Il. 24.487, τηλίκου ὥ. ἐγών; also in Hes. Th. 402, ὣς δʼ αὔτως . . , ὥ. ὑπέστη; but in Trag. and Att. ὥ. is very freq. after demonstr. words; before οὕτως, Meliss. 3, Ar. Av. 188; after it, S. Tr. 475, etc.; ὥ. καὶ . . , οὕτω καὶ . . X. Cyr. 7.5.75, cf. Pl. R. 354b; ὥ . . , ὧδε . . S. OT 276; τοιοῦτος ὥ. Pl. Prt. 327d; αὐτοῦ ὥ. εἶχον just as they were, then and there, Hdt. 2.121.δʹ, cf. S. Ant. 1235; εὐθὺς ὥ. εἶχεν X. An. 4.1.19; εὐθὺς ὥ. ἔτυχε Id. HG 3.1.19; τὰν τράπεζαν κάτθετε ὥ. ἔχει Sophr. in PSI 11.1214a2; καὶ τὸν δαελὸν σβῆτε ὥ. ἔχει on the spot, ib.14: c. gen., ὥ. ἔχει δόξης Pl. R. 612d: strengthd., ὥ. γε just exactly as, Ar. Nu. 673; ὥ. καί even as, ὡς καὶ ἐγώ περ Il. 6.477; ὥ. καὶ ἄλλο τι Th. 1.142, etc.: ὥ. also follows ἴσος, in Od. 20.282, μοῖραν . . ἴσην, ὡς αὐτοί περ ἐλάγχανον, cf. S. El. 533; so after ὁ αὐτός, Pl. Phd. 86a, D. 9.33; after ὅμοιος, ὅμοιος ἀτμὸς ὥ. ἐκ τάφου πρέπει A. Ag. 1311, cf. Th. 4.34. 2. ὥσπερ ἄν c. subj., v. infr. III; c. opt., ὥσπερ ἄν τις . . λέγοι Pl. Phd. 87b, cf. X. HG 3.1.14; cf. ὡσπερεί II. II. to limit or modify an assertion or apologize for a metaphor, as it were, so to speak, ὥ. ἀκονιτί Th. 4.73; τὸν ἐγκέφαλον ὥ. σεσεῖσθαί μοι δοκεῖς Ar. Nu. 1276, cf. Pax 234; ἅμα μὲν . . ὥ. ὑπεφθόνει X. Cyr. 4.1.13, cf. Pl. Phdr. 270d, Cra. 384c; in later Gk. sts. after the word to which it refers, ἐσφιγμένον ὥ. Porph. Chr. 26; βάθρον ὥ. Sch.Pi. O. 8.33; στέφανος ὥ. τῶν πόλεων τὰ τείχη ib.42: freq. with parts., ὥ. ἐγγελῶσα S. El. 277; ὥ. ἐντεταμένου τοῦ σώματος Pl. Phd. 86b; ὥ. τι τῶν ἄλλων εὐλόγως πεποιηκότες as if they had done, Lys. 12.7; ὥ. ἐξόν as if it were in our power, X. An. 3.1.14; σιωπῇ ἐδείπνουν, ὥ. τοῦτο ἐπιτεταγμένον αὐτοῖς Id. Smp. 1.11, cf. Mem. 2.3.3; with a change of construction, ὥ. τὸν ἀριθμὸν τοῦτον ἔχοντα ἀνάγκην . . , καὶ οὔτε . . οἷόν τε εἴη γενέσθαι Id. HG 2.3.19; τὴν ὥ. ἐπὶ τοῦ δίφρου ἕδραν a seat like that used in the chariot, Id. Eq. 7.5. III. rarely of Time, 1. ὥσπερ ἄν = ἕως ἄν, so long as, or however long (cf. ὡς Ad. 2), ὥσπερ ἂν ζῶ S. OC 1361 (sed leg. ἕωσπερ). 2. as soon as, Ar. Pax 24. IV. after a Comp. (cf. ὡς Ab. 1.4); οὐ μείους ὥ. χίλιοι Xenoph. 3.4; ἧττον . . ὥ. X. HG 2.3.16.—Cf. ὡσπερεί, ὥσπερ οὖν.
Key passages & sense analysis (Bonitz)
Index Aristotelicus. Hermann Bonitz's sense-by-sense analysis of
ὥσπερ — with the passages
he singles out as decisive for each meaning — will appear here. That curated,
interpretive selection is the layer LSJ and a raw concordance don't provide.
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