ἀνάγκη
anagke
force, constraint, necessity
Appears 1,991 times across Aristotle's works.
Frequency by work
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Prior Analytics 303 ▸
Open Prior Analytics ›Book I 236 ▸
Chapter 1 24a10–24b30Chapter 7 29a19–29b28Chapter 10 30b7–31a17Chapter 11 31a18–32a5Chapter 15 33b25–35b22Chapter 17 36b26–37b18Chapter 19 38a13–39a3Chapter 29 45a23–46a2Book II 67 ▸
Chapter 6 58b13–38Chapter 10 60b6–61a16Chapter 13 62b5–28Chapter 18 66a16–24Chapter 23 68b8–37 -
Physics 268 ▸
Open Physics ›Book I 13 ▸
Book II 21 ▸
Book III 13 ▸
Book IV 29 ▸
Chapter 3 210a14–210b31Chapter 6 213a12–213b29Book V 20 ▸
Book VI 58 ▸
Book VII 24 ▸
Book VIII 90 ▸
Chapter 2 252b7–253a21Chapter 4 254b7–256a3Chapter 5 256a4–258b9Chapter 8 261b27–265a12Chapter 9 265a13–266a9 -
Metaphysics 235 ▸
Open Metaphysics ›Book Α 9 ▸
Book Β 14 ▸
Book Γ 27 ▸
Chapter 1 1003a21–32Chapter 4 1005b35–1009a5Chapter 7 1011b23–1012a28Book Δ 17 ▸
Book Ε 10 ▸
Book Ζ 17 ▸
Chapter 1 1028a10–1028b7Chapter 3 1028b33–1029a34Chapter 4 1029b1–1030b13Chapter 9 1034a9–1034b19Chapter 10 1034b20–1036a25Chapter 14 1039a24–1039b19Chapter 17 1041a6–1041b33Book Η 4 ▸
Book Θ 27 ▸
Book Ι 23 ▸
Chapter 2 1053b9–1054a19Chapter 6 1056b3–1057a17Book Κ 28 ▸
Chapter 1 1059a18–1060a2Chapter 6 1062b12–1063b35Chapter 8 1064b15–1065b4Book Λ 16 ▸
Chapter 2 1069b7–34Chapter 3 1069b35–1070a30Chapter 4 1070a31–1070b35Book Μ 28 ▸
Chapter 1 1076a8–37Chapter 2 1076a38–1077b16Chapter 3 1077b17–1078b6Chapter 9 1085a3–1086b13 -
On the Heavens 149 ▸
Open On the Heavens ›Book I 67 ▸
Chapter 1 268a1–268b10Chapter 4 270b32–271a33Book II 32 ▸
Chapter 2 284b6–286a2Book III 43 ▸
Chapter 3 302a10–302b9 -
Posterior Analytics 126 ▸
Open Posterior Analytics ›Book I 76 ▸
Chapter 6 74b5–75a37Chapter 9 75b37–76a30Chapter 12 77a36–78a21Chapter 13 78a22–79a16Chapter 18 81a38–81b9Chapter 24 85a13–86a30Chapter 26 87a1–30Chapter 29 87b5–18Chapter 30 87b19–27Chapter 31 87b28–88a17Chapter 33 88b30–89b9Book II 50 ▸
Chapter 19 99b15–100b17 -
Rhetoric 96 ▸
Open Rhetoric ›Book I 54 ▸
Chapter 4 1359a30–1360b3Chapter 12 1372a4–1373a38Book II 29 ▸
Chapter 7 1385a16–1385b10Chapter 10 1387b22–1388a30Chapter 18 1391b7–1392a7Chapter 20 1393a23–1394a18Chapter 23 1397a7–1400b33Chapter 26 1403a16–1404a5 -
On Generation and Corruption 92 ▸
Open On Generation and Corruption ›Book I 25 ▸
Chapter 5 320a8–322a33Chapter 10 327a30–328b22Book II 67 ▸
Chapter 1 328b26–329b5Chapter 2 329b6–330a29Chapter 6 333a16–334a14Chapter 8 334b30–335a23 -
Topics 87 ▸
Open Topics ›Book I 4 ▸
Book II 21 ▸
Book III 1 ▸
Chapter 6 119a32–120b8Book IV 9 ▸
Book V 9 ▸
Book VI 11 ▸
Book VII 11 ▸
Book VIII 21 ▸
Chapter 3 158a31–159a14Chapter 6 159b36–160a16Chapter 7 160a17–34 -
Politics 79 ▸
Open Politics ›Book I 14 ▸
Chapter 1 1252a1–23Chapter 2 1252a24–1253a39Chapter 3 1253b1–22Chapter 4 1253b23–1254a16Chapter 5 1254a17–1255a2Chapter 6 1255a3–1255b15Chapter 10 1258a19–1258b8Chapter 11 1258b9–1259a36Chapter 13 1259b18–1260b24Book II 9 ▸
Book III 10 ▸
Book IV 17 ▸
Chapter 12 1296b13–1297a13Chapter 14 1297b35–1299a2Chapter 16 1300b13–1301a15Book VI 10 ▸
Book VII 13 ▸
Chapter 2 1324a5–1325a15Chapter 8 1328a21–1328b23Chapter 9 1328b24–1329a39Chapter 10 1329a40–1330a33Chapter 13 1331b24–1332b11 -
Parts of Animals 75 ▸
Open Parts of Animals ›Book I 17 ▸
Book II 13 ▸
Chapter 1 646a8–647b9Chapter 3 649b9–650b13Chapter 4 650b14–651a19Chapter 6 651b20–652a23Chapter 8 653b19–654a31Chapter 13 657a25–658a10Chapter 14 658a11–658b13Chapter 15 658b14–26Book III 21 ▸
Chapter 6 668b33–669b12Chapter 10 672b10–673a31Chapter 11 673a32–673b11Chapter 14 674a9–676a5Book IV 24 ▸
Chapter 3 677b11–36Chapter 4 677b37–678a26Chapter 6 682a35–683b3Chapter 11 690b11–692b2 -
Generation of Animals 70 ▸
Open Generation of Animals ›Book I 15 ▸
Chapter 4 717a11–717b13Chapter 5 717b14–32Chapter 6 717b33–718a16Chapter 15 720b15–721a1Chapter 20 727b33–729a33Chapter 21 729a34–730a31Chapter 22 730a32–730b32Chapter 23 730b33–731b14Book II 23 ▸
Book III 5 ▸
Book IV 12 ▸
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Eudemian Ethics 47 ▸
Open Eudemian Ethics ›Book II 26 ▸
Chapter 3 1220b21–1221b26Chapter 4 1221b27–1222a5Chapter 5 1222a6–1222b14Chapter 7 1223a21–1223b36Chapter 9 1225a34–1225b16Book III 6 ▸
Book VII 9 ▸
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De Interpretatione 41 ▸
Open De Interpretatione ›Chapter 1 16a1–18Chapter 5 17a8–24Chapter 8 18a12–27Chapter 9 18a28–19b4 -
De Anima 36 ▸
Open De Anima ›Book I 1 ▸
Chapter 1 402a1–403b19Book II 3 ▸
Book III 32 ▸
Chapter 4 429a10–430a9Chapter 5 430a10–25 -
Meteorology 34 ▸
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Mechanica 33 ▸
Open Mechanica ›Chapter 5 850b10–27Chapter 14 852b22–28Chapter 31 858a3–12Chapter 34 858a23–858b3 -
Nicomachean Ethics 28 ▸
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Sophistical Refutations 27 ▸
Open Sophistical Refutations ›Chapter 11 171b3–172b8Chapter 12 172b9–173a30Chapter 19 177a9–32Chapter 22 178a4–179a10Chapter 24 179a26–180a22Chapter 32 182a7–182b5 -
Sense and Sensibilia 25 ▸
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Movement of Animals 23 ▸
Open Movement of Animals ›Chapter 5 700a26–700b3Chapter 6 700b4–701a6Chapter 7 701a7–701b32Chapter 11 703b3–704b3 -
Poetics 18 ▸
Open Poetics ›Chapter 2 1448a1–18Chapter 10 1452a12–21Chapter 13 1452b28–1453a39Chapter 23 1459a17–1459b6Chapter 24 1459b7–1460b5 -
On Melissus, Xenophanes, and Gorgias 17 ▸
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Progression of Animals 13 ▸
Open Progression of Animals ›Chapter 4 705a26–706a25Chapter 6 706b17–707a15Chapter 8 708a9–708b19Chapter 12 711a8–711b32Chapter 13 712a1–22Chapter 15 712b22–713a25Chapter 17 713b21–714a19Chapter 18 714a20–714b7 -
On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration 10 ▸
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On Colours 3 ▸
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De Mundo 3 ▸
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On Length and Shortness of Life 3 ▸
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On Memory 2 ▸
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De Mirabilibus Auscultationibus 2 ▸
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On Divination in Sleep 1 ▸
Open On Divination in Sleep ›Chapter 1 462b12–463b11 -
On Dreams 1 ▸
Open On Dreams ›Chapter 2 459a23–460b27 -
Oeconomica 1 ▸
Open Oeconomica ›Book I 1 ▸
Chapter 3 1343b7–1344a7 -
Physiognomonics 1 ▸
Open Physiognomonics ›Chapter 2 806a19–807a30
Dictionary (LSJ)
ἀνάγκη, Ion. and Ep. ἀναγκαίη, ἡ, A. force, constraint, necessity, κρατερὴ δʼ ἐπικείσετʼ ἀ. Il. 6.458; ἀναγκαίη γὰρ ἐπείγει ib.85; ἀναγκαίῃ πολεμίζειν 4.300; τίς τοι ἀνάγκη πτώσσειν; 5.633; οἷσιν ἀ. (sc. φυλάσσειν) 10.418, al.: but in Hom. usu. in dat. as Adv., ἀνάγκῃ perforce, of necessity, ἀείδειν Od. 1.154; φεύγειν Il. 11.150: in act. sense, forcibly, by force, ἴσχειν, ἄγειν, Od. 4.557, 22.353; μνήσασθαι 7.217: strengthd. by καί, 10.434; ὑπʼ ἀνάγκης 19.156; opp. ἑκόντες, Pl. Phdr. 231a; ὑπʼ ἀναγκαίης Hdt. 7.172, al.; ἐξ ἀνάγκης S. Ph. 73, Th. 3.40, etc.; διʼ ἀνάγκης Pl. Ti. 47e; σὺν ἀνάγκᾳ Pi. P. 1.51; πρὸς ἀνάγκαν A. Pers. 569 codd. (lyr.), cf. Epict. Ench. 29.2; κατʼ ἀνάγκην X. Cyr. 4.3.7: ἀνάγκη ἐστί, c. inf., it must be that . . , is necessary that . . , cf. Il. supr. cit.; πᾶσα ἀ. ἐστὶ ὗσαι Hdt. 2.22; τρέφειν τοὺς τοκέας τοῖσι μὲν παισὶν οὐδεμία ἀ., τῇσι δὲ θυγατράσι πᾶσα ἀ. ib.35: c. dat. pers., ἀ. μοι σχεθεῖν A. Pr. 16, cf. Pers. 293:—in Trag. freq. in answers and arguments, πολλή γʼ ἀνάγκη, πολλήʼ στʼ ἀνάγκη, or πολλή μʼ ἀνάγκη, with which an inf. may always be supplied, E. Med. 1013, Hec. 396, S. Tr. 295; so πᾶσʼ ἀνάγκη El. 1497, cf. Pl. R. 441d; ἀνάγκη μεγάλη [ἐστί] ib.485e, Is. 3.6, D. 28.9; ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ἐστί Lys. 6.8: later ἀνάγκην ἔχω, c. inf., Ev.Luc. 14.18. 2. necessity in the philosophical sense, Arist. APo. 94b37, Metaph. 1026b28, Ph. 199b34; logical necessity, Metaph.1064b33: in pl., laws of nature, τίσιν ἀνάγκαις ἕκαστα γίγνεται τῶν οὐρανίων X. Mem. 1.1.11, cf. Hp. Aër. 21. b. natural need, γαστρὸς ἀνάγκαις A. Ag. 726, cf. Ar. Nu. 1075, X. Cyn. 7.1; ὑπʼ ἀ. τῆς ἐμφύτου Pl. R. 458d; ἐρωτικαῖς ἀ. ib., etc. c. ἡ ἀ. τοῦ τόπου the lie of the ground as a necessary condition, PLille 4.14. d. ἀνάγκη δαιμόνων, αἱ ἐκ θεῶν ἀνάγκαι, fate, destiny, E. Ph. 1000, 1763: freq. personified in Poets, Parm. 8.30, Emp. 116, A. Pr. 105, S. Fr. 256; Ἀνάγκᾳ δʼ οὐδὲ θεοὶ μάχονται Simon. 5.21. 3. compulsion exerted by a superior, ἀ. προστιθέναι, ἐπιτιθέναι, X. Hier. 9.4, Lac. 10.7. b. violence, punishment, esp. of torture, mostly pl., ἐς ἀνάγκας ἄγεσθαι Hdt. 1.116, cf. Antipho 6.25, Herod. 5.5; προσάγειν τινὶ τὰς ἀνάγκας Th. 1.99; τὰ πρὸς ἀνάγκας ὄργανα instruments of torture, Plb. 15.28.2: later in sg., ἡ ἀ. τῶν βασάνων Plu. 2.305e; πρὸς ἀνάγκην under torture, Id. Publ. 17: metaph., Hp. de Arte 13; δολοποιὸς ἀ., i. e. the stratagem of Nessus, S. Tr. 832; βρόχων πλεκταῖς ἀνάγκαις Xenarch. 1.9. c. duress, ‘force majeure’, ὅρκους οὓς ποιέονται ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ὄντες Democr. 239; stress of circumstances, ἀκούσιοι ἀ. Th. 3.82. d. treatment by mechanical force, τῶν ἀναγκῶν τινὰ προσφέρειν Hp. Fract. 15, cf. Art. 73. 4. bodily pain, anguish, κατʼ ἀνάγκην ἕρπειν painfully, S. Ph. 206 (lyr.); ὑπʼ ἀνάγκης βοᾶν ib.215; ὠδίνων ἀνάγκαι E. Ba. 89 (lyr.): generally, distress, ἐν ἀνάγκαις γλυκὺ γίνεται καὶ τὸ σκληρόν Simon. 226; freq. in LXX, Jb. 15.24, al.; ἡ ἐνεστῶσα ἀ. 1 Ep.Cor. 7.26: esp. in pl., IG 12 (7).386.23 (Amorgos, iii B. C.), D.S. 4.43, 2 Ep.Cor. 6.4, etc. II. tie of blood, kindred, Lys. 32.5. III. = ἡ δικαστικὴ κλεψύδρα, Hsch.
Key passages & sense analysis (Bonitz)
Index Aristotelicus. Hermann Bonitz's sense-by-sense analysis of
ἀνάγκη — with the passages
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