τολμάω

τολμάω, Ion. τολμέω Hdt. 8.77; Dor. 2sg. τολμῇς Theoc. 5.35: fut. τολμήσω S. El. 471, Dor. -ᾱσῶ Theoc. 14.67: pf. τετόλμηκα A. Pr. 333, Dor. -ᾱκα Pi. P. 5.117:—Med., Lys. Oxy. 1606.420 (Bodl. Quarterly Record 5 (1928).303):—A. undertake, take heart either to do or bear anything terrible or difficult: 1. mostly abs., dare, endure, submit (v. *τλάω) , ἐνὶ φρεσὶ θυμὸς ἐτόλμα Il. 10.232; σὺ δʼ (sc. κραδίη) ἐτόλμας Od. 20.20; οὐδέ οἱ ἵπποι τόλμων Il. 12.51; ἐγὼ δʼ ἐτόλμησʼ A. Pr. 237, etc.; αἱ συμφοραὶ τοὺς ἡσυχίους τολμᾶν βιάζονται Antipho 3.2.1; τ. καὶ ἐκλογίζεσθαι Th. 2.40; τολμῶντες ἄνδρες ib.43, cf. S. Tr. 583; χρὴ τολμᾶν . . ἐν ἄλγεσι κείμενον ἄνδρα Thgn. 555; τόλμα κακοῖσιν Id. 355, 1029; τόλμα S. Ph. 82; τόλμησον ib.481: in part., τολμήσας . . παρέστη he took courage and . . , Plu. Cam. 22, cf. Ev.Marc. 15.43. 2. c. acc. rei, endure, undergo, τ. χρὴ τὰ διδοῦσι θεοί Thgn. 591, cf. E. Hec. 333, Pl. Lg. 872e. II. c. inf., to have the courage, hardihood, effrontery, cruelty, or the grace, patience, to do a thing in spite of any natural feeling, dare, or bring oneself, to do, εἰ . . τολμήσεις Διὸς ἄντα . . ἔγχος ἀεῖραι Il. 8.424, cf. 13.395, 17.68, Od. 9.332, S. Aj. 528, Ar. Nu. 550, Lys. 32.2, etc.; τόλμησον ὀρθῶς φρονεῖν A. Pr. 999, cf. Thgn. 81,377, etc.; τ. κατακεῖσθαι submit to keep oneʼs bed, Hp. Fract. 10; τ. ἀποθανεῖν Ep.Rom. 5.7; οὐδὲ ἀπαιτούμενοι τὸν λόγον ἐτόλμησαν ἡμῖν δοῦναι PCair.Zen. 330.5 (iii B. C.). 2. sts. c. part., ἐτόλμα . . βαλλόμενος he submitted to be struck, Od. 24.162; τόλμα ἐρῶσα E. Hipp. 476, cf. Thgn. 442, E. HF 756. 3. c. acc., πόλεμον τολμήσαντα undertaking, venturing on it, Od. 8.519; [ἐσόδους] τετόλμακε Pi. P. 5.117; τ. πάντα, δεινά, ἔργον αἴσχιστον, etc., S. OC 761, E. IA 133 (anap.), Med. 695, etc.; ὦ πᾶν σὺ τολμήσασα καὶ πέρα S. Fr. 189; also τ. τὰ βέλτιστα Th. 3.56, 4.98; πικρὰν πεῖραν S. El. 471; v. τόλμημα:—hence in Pass., ο ἐτολμήθη πατήρ such things as my father had dared (or done) against him, E. El. 277; τοῦτο τετολμήσθω εἰπεῖν let us take courage to say this, Pl. R. 503b; τὰ τολμηθέντα J. AJ 2.3.1; αἱ τετολμημέναι ἐπίνοιαι Ph. 1.674; τὰ τετ. εἰς ἐμέ PGoodsp.Cair. 15.3 (iv A. D.). 4. so in Act., τετολμηκυῖαι [λέξεις] daring expressions, Phld. Rh. 1.341 S.