The Homer Reader The Iliad & Odyssey · Greek and English

πάρος

paros

aforetime, formerly

Appears 102 times across Homer's epics.

Frequency by work

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Dictionary (LSJ)

πάρος, poet. Particle : A. Adv., I. of Time, aforetime, formerly, π. μεμαυῖα Il. 4.73, etc.; κάρη π. χαρίεν 22.403 ; οὐ γὰρ ἐμὴ ἲς ἔσθʼ οἵη π. ἔσκεν 11.669, cf. Od. 2.119, etc.; opp. νῦν, 6.325, etc. ; π. γε Il. 17.270, etc. ; π. περ Od. 5.82, etc. : with the Art., τὸ π. γε, τὸ π. περ, Il. 19.42, 23.480, etc. ; once in Hdt., καὶ π. 9.2 ; never in Att. Prose (rarely later, PPetr. 2p.22 (iii B.C.), POxy. 1121.36 (iii A. D.) , but freq. in Trag., θεοὶ οἱ π. A. Pr. 406 (lyr.); τά τε π. τά τʼ εἰσέπειτα S. Aj. 34 ; ἐν τῷ π. χρόνῳ Id. El. 1445, etc. 2. with pres., up to now, hitherto, οἳ τὸ π. περ ζαχρηεῖς τελέθουσι Il. 12.346 ; οἷος π. εὔχεαι εἶναι 4.264 ; π. γε μὲν οὔ τι θαμίζεις Od. 5.88, cf. 4.810, Il. 1.553. 3. as Conj. like πρίν, before, c. aor. inf., πάρος τάδε ἔργα γενέσθαι 6.348 ; πάρος ἢν γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι Od. 1.21, cf. 8.376, etc.: rarely with pres., πάρος δόρποιο μέδεσθαι Il. 18.245. 4. with neg., as antec. to πρίν γε, π. δʼ οὐκ ἔσσεται ἄλλως, πρίν γε . . not until, 5.218, cf. Od. 2.127. 5. before the time, too soon, τί π. λαβρεύεαι ; Il. 23.474. 6. rather, sooner, π. τοι δαίμονα δώσω 8.166 ; π. τινὰ γαῖα καθέξει 16.629, cf. E. Or. 345 (lyr.). II. rarely of Place, first, σοὶ βαδιστέον π. S. El. 1502. B. Prep., poet. for πρό, I. of Place, before, once in Hom., Τυδεΐδαο π. Il. 8.254 ; δωμάτων π. S. Aj. 73, E. Hec. 1049, Ph. 1271 ; δόμων π. Id. Or. 112, 1217 ; τῶν σῶν π. πίτνουσα γονάτων Id. Andr. 572. II. of Time, θανεῖν πάρος τέκνων ib.1208. III. before, above, π. τοὐμοῦ πόθου προὔθεντο τὴν τυραννίδα S. OC 418. 2. instead of, ἀδελφῶν πάρος . . θανεῖν E. Heracl. 536 —When πάρος is a Prep. it usually follows its case, but not always, S. OC 418, E. Andr. 1112, 1208. (Cf. Skt. purás ‘before’.)
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