Plato › Greek Lexicon › σῶμα

σῶμα

soma

body

Appears 896 times across Plato's dialogues.

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Dictionary (LSJ)

σῶμα, ατος, τό (Arc. dat. pl. σωμάτεσι IG 5(2).357.156 (Stymphalus, iii B.C.)), A. body of man or beast, but in Hom., as Aristarch. remarks (v. Apollon. Lex.), always dead body, corpse (whereas the living body is δέμας) , ὥς τε λέων ἐχάρη μεγάλῳ ἐπὶ σώματι κύρσας Il. 3.23, cf. 18.161; ς. δὲ οἴκαδʼ ἐμὸν δόμεναι πάλιν 7.79; σ. κατελείπομεν ἄθαπτον Od. 11.53; ὦν . . σώματʼ ἀκηδέα κεῖται 24.187; so also in Hes. Sc. 426, Simon. 119, Pi. O. 9.34, Hdt. 7.167, Posidon. 14 J., Ev.Marc. 15.43, etc.; τὸ σ. τοῦ τεθνεῶτος Pl. R. 469d, cf. Grg. 524c, D. 43.65; σ. νεκρόν POxy. 51.7 (ii A.D.); νεκρὸν σ. Gal. 18(2).93, cf. νεκρός II 1; μέγιστον σ. . . σποδου, = σ. μέγιστον ὃ νῦν σποδός ἐστι, S. El. 758; also later, Wilcken Chr. 499 (ii/iii A.D.). 2. the living body, Hes. Op. 540, Batr. 44, Thgn. 650, Pi. O. 6.56, P. 8.82, Hdt. 1.139, etc.; δόμοι καὶ σώματα A. Th. 896 (lyr.); γενναῖος τῷ σ. S. Ph. 51; εὔρωστος τὸ σ. X. HG 6.1.6; τὸ σ. σῴζειν or -εσθαι save oneʼs life, D. 22.55, Th. 1.136; διασῴζειν or -εσθαι Isoc. 6.46, X. An. 5.5.13; περὶ πολλῶν σ. καὶ χρημάτων βουλεύειν Th. 1.85; περὶ τοῦ σ. ἀγωνίζεσθαι for oneʼs life, Lys. 5.1; ἔχειν τὸ σ. κακῶς, ὡς βέλτιστα, etc., to be in a bad, a good state of bodily health, X. Mem. 3.12.1, 3.12.5. 3. body, opp. spirit (εἴδωλον), Pi. Fr. 131; opp. soul (ψυχή), Pl. Grg. 493a, Phd. 91d; τὰ τοῦ σ. ἔργα bodily labours, X. Mem. 2.8.2; αἱ τοῦ σ. ἡδοναί, αἱ κατὰ τὸ σ. ἡδ., ib.1.5.6, Pl. R. 328d; τὰ εἰς τὸ σ. τιμήματα bodily punishments, Aeschin. 2.139; τὰ εἰς τὸ σ. ἀδικήματα PHal. 1.193 (iii B.C.) . 4. animal body, opp. plants, Pl. R. 564a (pl.); but of plants, 1 Ep.Cor. 15.38. 5. civic rights (like Lat. caput), Lys. 23.12; ἄτιμοι τὰ σ. And. 1.74; μέρος ἠτιμῶσθαι τοῦ σ. D. 51.12. 6. in NT, of the sacramental body of Christ, τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ σ. μου Ev.Matt. 26.26, cf. 1 Ep.Cor. 10.16. b. of the body of Christʼs church, οἱ πολλοὶ ἓν σ. ἐσμεν ἐν Χριστῷ Ep.Rom. 12.5; ἡ ἐκκλησία ἥτις ἐστὶ τὸ σ. [τοῦ Χριστοῦ] Ep.Eph. 1.23. II. periphr., ἀνθρώπου σ. ἓν οὐδέν, = ἄνθρωπος οὐδὲ εἷς, Hdt. 1.32; esp. in Trag., σῶμα θηρός, = θήρ, S. OC 1568 (lyr.); τεκέων σώματα, = τέκνα, E. Tr. 201 (lyr.); τὸ σὸν σ., = σύ, Id. Hec. 301; rarely in sg. of many persons, σῶμα τέκνων Id. Med. 1108 (anap.). 2. a person, human being, τὰ πολλὰ σ., = οἱ πολλοί, S. Ant. 676; λευκὰ γήρᾳ σ. E. HF 909 (lyr.); σ. ἄδικα Id. Supp. 223, cf. Pl. Lg. 908a, PSI 4.359.9 366.7 (iii B.C.), etc.; ἑκάστου τοῦ σώματος, IG 12.22.14; κατὰ σῶμα per person, PRev.Laws 50.9 (iii B.C.); καταστήσαντες τὸ σ. ἀφείσθωσαν τῆς ἐγγύης PMich.Zen. 70.12 (iii B.C.); ἐργαζομένη αὑτῇ τῷ ἰδίῳ σ. working for herself, earning her own living, PEnteux. 26.7 (iii B.C.); τὰ φίλτατα σ., of children, Aeschin. 3.78; freq. of slaves, αἰχμάλωτα σ. D. 20.77, IG 12(7).386.25 (Amorgos, iii B.C.), SIG 588.64 (Milet., ii B.C.), etc.; οἰκετικὰ σ. Lex ap.Aeschin. 1.16, cf. SIG 633.88 (Milet., ii B.C.); δοῦλα Poll. 3.78; ἐλεύθερα σ. X. HG 2.1.19, Plb. 2.6.6, etc.; later, σῶμα is used abs. for a slave, PHib. 1.54.20 (iii B.C.), Plb. 12.16.5, Apoc. 18.13, etc.; σ. γυναικεῖον, ᾇ ὄνομα . . GDI 2154.6 (Delph., ii B.C.); a usage censured by Poll.l.c. and Phryn. 355; also of troops, τὴν τῶν σ. σύνταξιν Aen.Tact. 1.1; μηχανήμασιν ἢ σώμασιν ἐναντιοῦσθαι ὧδε Id. 32.1. III. generally, a body, i.e. any corporeal substance, δεῖ αὐτὸ (sc. τὸ ὄν) σ. μὴ ἔχειν Meliss. 9; ἢ μέγεθός ἐστιν ἢ σ. ἐστιν Gorg. 3; σ. ἄψυχον, ἔμψυχον, Pl. Phdr. 245e, cf. Plt. 288e, Arist. Ph. 265b29, al.; ὁ λίθος σ. ἐστι Luc. Vit.Auct. 25; φασὶν οἱ μὲν σ. εἶναι τὸν χρόνον, οἱ δὲ ἀσώματον S.E. M. 10.215; κυκλικὸν σ., of one of the spheres, Jul. Or. 5.162b, al.; τὸ πέμπτον σ. the fifth element, Philol. 12, Placit. 1.3.22, Jul. Or. 4.132c; metallic substance, Olymp. Alch.p.71 B. 2. Math., figure of three dimensions, solid, opp. a surface, etc., Arist. Top. 142b24, Metaph. 1020a14, al. IV. the body or whole of a thing, esp. of complete parts of the body, τὸ σ. τῶν νεφρῶν Id. HA 497a9; τὰ σ. τῶν αἰσθητηρίων Id. GA 744b24; τὸ σ. τῆς γαστρός, τῆς κοιλίας, Gal. 15.667,806; σ. παιδοποιόν Ael. NA 17.42: generally, the whole body or frame of a thing, ὑπὸ σώματι γᾶς A. Th. 947 (lyr.); τὸ σ. τοῦ παντός, τοῦ κόσμου, Pl. Ti. 31b. 32c; ὕδωρ, ποταμοῦ σ. Chaerem. 17; τὸ σ. τῆς πίστεως the body of the proof, i.e. arguments, Arist. Rh. 1354a15; τῆς λέξεως Longin. Rh.p.188 H.; of a body of writings, Cic. Att. 2.1.4; text of a document, opp. ὑπογραφή, BGU 187.12 (ii A.D.), cf. PFay. 34.20 (ii A.D.); of a will, POxy. 494.30 (ii A.D.). 2. ξύλα σώματα logs, opp. κλάδοι, POxy. 1738.3 (iii A.D.); σ. μέγα περσέας CPHerm. 7 ii 27, cf. iii 8 (iii A.D.).
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