πρόσθεσις

πρόσθεσις, εως (Dor. ποτίθεσις SIG 569.25 (Halasarna, iii B.C.)), ἡ, (προστίθημι) A. application, ναρθήκων Hp. Fract. 6; of pessaries, Id. Mul. 1.11 (pl.), Nat.Mul. 11; of ladders, π. [κλίμακος] Th. 4.135, cf. Plb. 5.60.7; of the cupping-instrument, Arist. Rh. 1405b3; κόμης προσθέσεις the use of false hair, Philostr. Ep. 22: metaph., Phld. Sign. 26. 2. attachment, ζῳδίων IG 12.374.287; of leaf to stem, Thphr. HP 7.6.2. II. administration of food, nourishment, Hp. Aph. 1.19 (pl.), Gal. Nat.Fac. 1.11, 17(2).364. III. addition, διὰ τὴν π. τοῦ ἑτέρου τῷ ἑτέρῳ Pl. Phd. 97a, cf. 101b, 101c; αὔξησις κατὰ πρόσθεσιν Arist. GC 333b1, cf. Ph. 245a27; opp. ἀφαίρεσις, ib.190b6, Hp. Acut. 38; so in arithmetical sense, ἀριθμεῖσθαι κατὰ π. Arist. Metaph. 1081b14, cf. 1092b31. b. increase, Vett.Val. 20.17. 2. in the Logic of Aristotle, addition of marks (such as properties, accidents, and the like) to determine a general term, Int.21b27, Metaph. 1029b30; ἀκρατὴς κατὰ πρόσθεσιν with a difference, opp. ἁπλῶς, Arist. EN 1148a10; ὁ ἐκ προσθέσεως λόγος, opp. ὁ ἐξ ἀφαιρέσεως, Id. Metaph. 1030b15; hence ἐκ προσθέσεως, of mixed, opp. ἐξ ἀφαιρέσεως, of pure sciences, Id. Cael. 299a17; ἡ ἐξ ἐλαττόνων [ἐπιστήμη], opp. ἡ ἐκ π., of arithmetic opp. geometry, Id. APo. 87a34, cf.Metaph. 982a27. IV. assignment, prouision, SIG l.c. V. Gramm., addition of a letter or syllable (as ϝ in ϝ-ρῆξις, ἀ in ἄ-σταχυς), Trypho Pass. 1.11, 3.2. VI. π. τοῦ ἡλίου increase of the sunʼs heat, i.e. spring, PMag.Leid.W. 9.48. VII. in Music, pause of two time-units, Aristid.Quint. 1.18. VIII. (προστίθεμαι) assent, Arr. Epict. 1.4.11; ψεύδεσι Stoic. 3.147. 2. aid, succour, π. τοῦ θεοῦ Polyaen. 2.3.8.