Plato › Greek Lexicon › πρόσθεν

πρόσθεν

prosthen

before

Appears 199 times across Plato's dialogues.

Frequency by work

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Dictionary (LSJ)

πρόσθεν, and in Poets πρόσθε, also in Ion. Prose (Hdt. 1.11, al., cf. ἐπίπροσθε); Dor. and Aeol. πρόσθα A.D. Adv. 153.20, E.M.424.12 (in elision πρόσθʼ, Alcm. 73, Sapph. Supp. 1.5); Dor. also πρόθεν (cf. ὄπιθεν), Greg.Cor.p.222S.: Adv. A. as Prep. with gen.: I. of Place or Space, before, στῆ πρόσθʼ αὐτοῖο Il. 5.170; πεζὸς πρόσθʼ ἵππων 13.385, cf. 392, etc.; κατὰ τεύχεʼ ἔθηκε πρόσθεν Ἀχιλλῆος 19.13; π. ποδῶν Od. 22.4, cf. Il. 23.877; ἐκ δὲ τὼ ἀΐξαντε πυλάων π. μαχέσθην before, i.e. outside, 12.145, cf. 9.473; νῆσος . . π. Σαλαμῖνος τόπων A. Pers. 447; π. Μυρμιδόνων πολεμιζέμεν in front of them, at their head, Il. 16.220; ἐν τῷ π. τοῦ στρατεύματος in front of . . , X. Cyr. 5.3.52; εἰς τὸ π. τῶν ὅπλων ἐκαθέζοντο Id. An. 3.1.33; εἰς τὸ π. τινῶν θεῖναί τι ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν Pl. R. 618a: with collat. notion of defence, [σάκος] πρόσθε στέρνοιο φέρων Il. 7.224; στὰς πρόσθεν νέκυος 16.321; τάων οὔτοι π. ἵσταμαι I defend them not, 4.54: hence, for, on behalf of, π. φίλων τοκέων ἀλόχων τε καὶ υἱῶν 21.587, cf. 16.833; ὅς τε ἑῆς π. πόλιος λαῶν τε πέσῃσιν Od. 8.524. 2. with Verbs of motion, π. ἕθεν φεύγοντα Il. 5.56, 80, 20.402; π. δὲ κίʼ αὐτοῦ 15.307. 3. metaph., οὐδὲν ἐς π. κακῶν E. Hec. 961: of preference, ἄγειν τινὰ π. τινός Id. Ba. 225; π. τιθέναι τί τινος Id. Hec. 129 (anap.), cf. IG 22.1299.58; αἰσχρὰ π. τοῦ καλοῦ ζητεῖν E. Fr. 659.7. II. of Time, before, πρόσθʼ ἄλλων Il. 2.359, cf.S. Ph. 778; τοῖιν δʼ ἔγνω π. first of the twain, Il. 13.66, cf. Hes. Th. 746; ἐμοῦ π. A. Pers. 529; τοῦ χρόνου π. θανοῦμαι S. Ant. 462; π. ἑσπέρας X. Cyr. 7.5.43.—The gen. sts. stands before πρόσθεν, Il. 4.54, etc., cf. supr. When it seems to be folld. by a dat., this dat. must be connected with the Verb, and πρόσθεν taken as Adv., v. infr. B. I.1. B. as Adv.: I. of Place or Space, before, in front, π. λέων ὄπιθεν δὲ δράκων Il. 6.181, Hes. Th. 323; π. δέ οἱ δόρυ τʼ ἔσχε καὶ ἀσπίδα Il. 5.300, cf. 315; π. δέ οἱ ποίησε γαλήνην Od. 5.452; πρόσθʼ ὁρόων θάνατον Il. 20.481; ὁ π. the front rank man, X. Cyr. 2.2.8; τὰ π. ib.6.3.2; τὰ π. (sc. σκέλη) the forelegs (of a horse), Id. Eq. 1.12; ἡ χώρα ἡ π. Plb. 3.80.3; προῆγε εἰς τὸ π. on, forward, Id. 4.66.5; ἀεὶ τοῦ π. ὀρεγόμενοι Id. 3.84.12: with collat. notion of defence, π. σάκεα σχέθον Il. 4.113; ἥ τοι π. στᾶσα βέλος ἄμυνεν ib.129. 2. with Verbs of motion, before, in front, π. ἔφευγε 22.158; ἥ οἱ π. ἰοῦσα 20.95; π. ἡγεμονεύειν Od. 22.400, 24.155; ἵππους π. βαλεῖν, v. βάλλω A.II.5; ἐς τὸ πρόσθε παριέναι forward, Hdt. 8.89; πάριτʼ εἰς τὸ π. Ar. Ach. 43; εἰς τὸ π. προΐωμεν Pl. R. 437a, etc.; μηδεμίαν αἰσχύνην π. ποιεῖσθαι allow to stand in the way, Id. Lg. 732b. 3. metaph., εἰς τὸ π. ἔτι ζητήσαντες Id. Sph. 258c; τοὺς ὄπισθεν εἰς τὸ π. ἄξομεν S. Aj. 1249. II. of Time, before, formerly, erst, οὗ καὶ π. ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλή Il. 7.325, etc.; οὔποτε π. S. Aj. 318; οὔπω π. X. An. 5.4.18; ἔτι π. Pl. Sph. 242d; σμικρῷ π. Id. Lg. 969b; οἱ π. ἄνδρες the men of old, Il. 9.524; τοῦ π. Κάδμου τοῦ πάλαι τʼ Ἀγήνορος S. OT 268; ὁ π. γεννηθείς Id. OC 375; ἡ π. the elder, E. Ph. 58; of things, οἱ π. πόνοι the former, earlier labours, A. Supp. 52 (lyr.); ἁ π. ἱππεία S. El. 504 (lyr.); ὁ π. λόγος Id. OT 851; ἡ π. ἡμέρα X. An. 2.3.1, etc.; τὰ π. what was said above, Pl. Phdr. 238b; also τὸ π., as Adv., formerly, Il. 23.583, Od. 4.688; ταὐτὰ τῷ π. the same as before, Pl. Phdr. 241b; τὰ π. A. Ag. 19. C. folld. by a Particle, πρόσθεν, πρὶν . . before . . , mostly with a neg., οὐ πρόσθεν . . , πρίν γε . . με ἴδηται Od. 17.7, cf. X. An. 1.1.10, Cyr. 1.2.8, etc.; οὐ π. πρὶν ἤ . . ib.1.4.23: without a neg., π. πρὶν τυχεῖν Pi. P. 2.91: also π. ἢ . . S. OT 736, El. 82, 1333; ποτιτάσσει . . μὴ π. ἐξελθεῖν ἢ τὰν ματέρα κατακάνῃ Anon.Mythogr. in PSI 9.1091.3. 2. sooner, rather, π. ἂν ἀποθάνοιεν ἢ τὰ ὅπλα παραδοίησαν would die sooner than . . , X. An. 2.1.10.
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