φθίω

φθίω, ἔφθιον, each once in Hom. (v. infr. I.2), the common pres. being φθίνω, Od. 5.161, al. (also φθινύθω, q. v.): impf. ἔφθῐνον Hdt. 3.29, Pl. Ti. 77a: fut. and aor. φθ (ε) ίσω, ἔφθ(ε)ισα and ἔφθῐσα (v. infr. II): pf. ἔφθῐκα v. l. in Dsc. Praef. 6 (cf. φθινάω), (ἀπ-) Them. Or. 28.341d:—Med. and Pass. (in same sense), fut. φθίσομαι (leg. φθείσομαι, in view of φθείσω, v. infr. II) Il. 11.821 (φθειται PGen. (ii B. C.)), 19.329, 24.86 (v.l.), Od. 13.384: aor. 1 φθίσασθαι (ἀπο-) Q.S. 14.545: 3pl. aor. Pass. ἔφθῐθεν, v. ἀποφθίνω: aor. 2 ἐφθίμην, ἔφθῐσο A. Th. 971 (lyr.); ἔφθῐτο Il. 18.100, Thgn. 1141 (nisi leg. ἔφθιται), A. Eu. 458, S. OT 962, E. Alc. 414 (lyr.); 3pl. ἐφθίατο Il. 1.251; imper. 3sg. φθίσθω (ἀπο-) 8.429; Ep. subj. φθίεται 20.173, φθιόμεσθα 14.87; opt. φθίμην (ἀπο-) Od. 10.51, φθῖτο (φθῖτʼ) 11.330 (the v.l. φθεῖτʼ is incorrect); inf. φθίσθαι Il. 9.246, 13.667, Od. 14.117, 15.354, (κατα-) 2.183 (always with incorrect v. l. φθεῖσθαι); part. φθίμενος, v. infr. I.2: rare in pf., ἔφθιται Od. 20.340, 3pl. ἐξ-έφθινται A. Pers. 679 (lyr.). [Hom. has ῑ in φθίῃς (infr. I.2), ῐ in ἔφθιεν (infr.), φθιόμεσθα, φθίεται: ῑ always in fut. and aor. φθίσω, φθίσομαι, ἔφθισα (sed v. infr. II), cf. φθῑσήνωρ, φθῑσίμβροτος (qq. v.): ῐ always in aor. and pf. Pass. (v. supr.), exc. in opt. (v. supr.):—Hom. also uses ῑ in φθίνω (prob. fr. *φθῐ-νϝω, cf. φθίνυθω) whereas ῐ always in φθῐνω in Pi. and Trag., who use ῐ even in ἔφθισα, v. infr. II.] (Cf. ψίνω, ψινάς, ψίσις: φθῐ- and ψῐ- correspond to Skt. kṣi-, pres. kṣiṇā´ti, kṣiṇóti, ‘he destroys’, Pass. kṣīyante ‘they perish’, ákṣitas ( = ἄφθιτος) ‘imperishable’, fut. stem kṣeṣya- ( = φθεισο-), aor. stem kṣeṣ- (= φθεισ-).) I. decay, wane, of Time, πρίν κεν νὺξ φθῖτο (opt. aor.) first would the night be come to an end, Od. 11.330: τῆς νῦν φθιμένης νυκτός S. Aj. 141 (anap.); in this sense mostly in pres. φθίνω, φθίνουσιν νύκτες τε καὶ ἤματα they wane or pass away, Od. 11.183, etc.; μηδέ τοι αἰὼν φθινέτω let not thy life be wasted, 5.161: esp. b. of the moon, wane, [σελήνη] αὐξανομένη καὶ φθίνουσα Arist. Cael. 291b20; hence, in monthly reckoning, μηνῶν φθινόντων in the moonʼs wane, i.e. towards the monthʼs end, 10.470, etc.; later, μὴν φθίνων, the last decad, IG 12.298.17, 328.13, Th. 5.54, etc.; opp. ἱστάμενος (ἵστημι B. III.4), μεσῶν, but in Hom., the second half of the month (τοῦ μὲν φθίνοντος μηνός, τοῦ δʼ ἱσταμένοιο), Od. 14.162, 19.307. c. of the stars, decline, set, A. Ag. 7 (prob. interpol.). 2. of persons, waste away, pine, perish, ὥς κε δόλῳ φθίῃς Od. 2.368 (perh. aor. subj. with ῑ metri grat.); ἤτοι ὁ τῆς ἀχέων φρένας ἔφθιεν was wasting away in mind, Il. 18.446 (perh. trans., causing his heart to pine; prob. impf., but possibly aor.); φθίνει καὶ μαραίνεται νόσῳ E. Alc. 203; ἐκ φόνων S. Tr. 558; οἱ φθίνοντες consumptive people, Hp. Aph. 3.10, cf. Epid. 1.24. b. of life, strength, etc., οὐ φθίνει ἀρετά Pi. P. 1.94; φθίνει μὲν ἰσχὺς γῆς φ. δὲ σώματος S. OC 610, cf. OT 665 (lyr.); ὕβρις . . ἀνθεῖ τε καὶ πάλιν φ. Id. Fr. 786; ἥβην τὴν μὲν ἕρπουσαν πρόσω, τὴν δὲ φθίνουσαν Id. Tr. 548; τοῖς μὲν αὔξεται βίος, τῶν δὲ φθίνει E. Fr. 415.5, cf. Pl. Phd. 71b, Ti. 81b, etc.; c. dat. modi, πόλις φθίνουσα μὲν κάλυξιν . . , φθίνουσα δʼ ἀγέλαις S. OT 25; of things, fade away, disappear, ἐδεστὸν ἐξ αὑτοῦ φ. καὶ ψῇ Id. Tr. 677; τὸ σῶμα φθίνει Hp. Loc.Hom. 24; metaph., φθίνοντα Λαΐου θέσφατα S. OT 906 (lyr.), cf. Ant. 1013:—Pass., αὐτὸς φθίεται Il. 20.173, cf. 14.87; more freq. in fut. and aor., ἤδη φθ<ε>ίσονται 11.821, cf. 19.329, Od. 13.384; τηλόθι πάτρης ἔφθιτο Il. 18.100; δύο γενεαὶ μερόπων ἀνθρώπων ἐφθίατο 1.251; νούσῳ ὑπʼ ἀργαλέῃ φθίσθαι 13.667; νόσοις ὁ τλήμων ἔφθιτο S. OT 962; πρὸς φίλου ἔφθισο wast slain by . . , A. Th. 971 (lyr.), cf. E. Med. 1414 (anap.): freq. in part. φθίμενος, slain, dead, Od. 11.558, al.; χερσὶν ὑπʼ Ἀργείων φθίμενος Il. 8.359; ἐν πολέμῳ φθίμενον IG 12. 976; φθίμενοι the dead, φθιμένοισι μετείην Od. 24.436; πενθήσει βασιλῆ φ. Orac. ap. Hdt. 7.220, cf. Euph. 21; φθιμένων ζῳῶν τε φωτῶν Pi. I. 4(3).10(28), cf. B. 5.83; φθιμένοισιν A. Th. 732 (lyr.); φθίμενος S. Tr. 1161, cf. Ant. 836 (anap.); μηδέτινʼ εἰπεῖν . . φθιμένων E. Hec. 137 (anap.): less freq. c. Art. (cf. φθιτός) , τὸν φθίμενον A. Th. 336 (lyr., codd.); τῶν φ. Id. Ag. 1023 (lyr.); τῶν πρότερον φ. Id. Ch. 403 (anap.); φ. δέμας, σῶμα, mortal, IG 9(1).882.9,12 (Corc.); Φθιμένη Perishing, personified as a goddess, Φυσώ τε Φ. τε Emp. 123.1: rare in Prose, τοῖς φθιμένοις X. Cyr. 8.7.18. II. Causal, in fut. φθ(ε)ίσω, aor. 1 ἔφθ(ε)ισα (usu. written φθίσω, ἔφθισα in codd., but correctly φθεισαν (Od. 20.67) in PHib. 1.23 (iii B. C.), φθείσει (Il. 6.407) in cod. A and Et.Gen.cod.B (Miller Mélanges 300)), cause to decay or pine away, consume, destroy, φθ(ε)ίσει σε τὸ σὸν μένος Il. 6.407; τὸν Πάτροκλος ἔμελλε φθ(ε)ίσειν 16.461, cf. 22.61; οἳ μεμάασιν Ὀδυσσῆος φθ(ε)ῖσαι γόνον Od. 4.741; ἵνα φθ(ε)ίσωμεν ἑλόντες αὐτόν 16.369; τόν ἔθελον φθ(ε)ῖσαι ib.428; τοκῆας . . φθ(ε)ῖσαν θεοί 20.67: rare in Trag. (only lyr., and in the form ἔφθῐσα) , Μοίρας φθίσας A. Eu. 173; τὸν . . ὑπὸ σῷ φθίσον κεραυνῷ S. OT 202; φυτὸν ἥμερον μήτε φθίνειν μήτε σίνεσθαι Pythag. ap. D.L. 8.23; νῦν σε μοῖρα . . φθίνει, φθίνει dub. in S. El. 1414 (lyr., fort. σοι).