παρά

παρά [ρᾰ], Ep. and Lyr. also παραί: shortd. πάρ, in Hom., Lyr. (but rarely in Trag., in lyr. passages, A. Supp. 553, S. Tr. 636), and in all dial ects exc. Att., GDI 5434.8 (Paros), IG 5(2).3.14 (Tegea, iv B. C.), Inscr.Magn. 26.28 (Thess.), etc.:—Prep. c. gen., dat., and acc., prop. A. beside: hence, A. WITH GEN. prop. denoting motion from the side of, from beside, from: I. of Place, πὰρ νηῶν ἔλθωμεν Il. 13.744; παρὰ ναῦφιν ἐλευσόμεθʼ 12.225, etc.; παρʼ Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοάων . . ἐπερχομένη Od. 22.197; πὰρ νηῶν ἀπώσεται Il. 8.533, etc.; δῶρα π. νηὸς ἐνεικέμεν 19.194; φάσγανον ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος π. μηροῦ 1.190, cf. 21.173; σπασσάμενος . . ἄορ παχέος π. μηροῦ 16.473; πλευρὰ παρʼ ἀσπίδος ἐξεφαάνθη was exposed beside the shield, 4.468, cf. A. Th. 624. II. commonly of Persons, 1. with Verbs of going or coming, bringing, etc., ἦλθε . . πὰρ Διός Il. 2.787; παρʼ Αἰήταο πλέουσα Od. 12.70, etc.; ἀγγελίη ἥκει π. βασιλέος Hdt. 8.140.αʹ; αὐτομολήσαντες π. βασιλέως X. An. 1.7.13; ἐξεληλυθὼς παρʼ Ἀριστάρχου D. 21.117; ὁ π. τινὸς ἥκων his messenger, X. Cyr. 4.5.53; so οἱ π. τινός Th. 7.10, Ev.Marc. 3.21, etc.; ὅστις ἀφικνεῖτο τῶν π. βασιλέως πρὸς αὐτόν X. An. 1.1.5, etc.; τεύχεα καλὰ φέρουσα παρʼ Ἡφαίστοιο from his workshop, Il. 18.137, cf. 617, etc.; ἀπαγγέλλειν τι π. τινός X. An. 2.1.20; σὺ δὲ οἰμώζειν αὐτοῖς παρʼ ἐμοῦ λέγε Luc. DMort. 1.2. 2. issuing from a person, γίγνεσθαι π. τινός to be born from, Pl. Smp. 179b; λόγος (sc. ἐστί) π. Ἀθηναίων c. acc. et inf., Hdt. 8.55: freq. following a Noun, δόξα ἡ π. τῶν ἀνθρώπων glory from (given by) men, Pl. Phdr. 232a; ἡ π. τινὸς εὔνοια the favour from, i. e. of, any one, X. Mem. 2.2.12; τὸ παρʼ ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα done by me, Id. Cyr. 5.5.13; τὰ π. τινός all that issues from any one, as commands, commissions, Id. An. 2.3.4, etc.; or promises, gifts, presents, Id. Mem. 3.11.13; τὰ παρʼ ἐμοῦ my opinions, Pl. Smp. 219a; παρʼ ἑωυτοῦ διδούς giving from oneself, i. e. from oneʼs own means, Hdt. 2.129, 8.5; παρʼ ἑαυτοῦ προσετίθει X. HG 6.1.3; νόμον θὲς παρʼ ἐμοῦ by my advice, Pl. Prt. 322d; αὐτοὶ παρʼ αὑτῶν of themselves, Id. Tht. 150d, cf. Phdr. 235c. 3. with Verbs of receiving, obtaining, and the like, τυχεῖν τινος π. τινός Od. 6.290, 15.158; πὰρ δʼ ἄρα μιν Ταφίων πρίατο 14.452; ἀρέομαι πὰρ μὲν Σαλαμῖνος Ἀθαναίων χάριν Pi. P. 1.76; εὑρέσθαι τι π. τῶν θεῶν Isoc. 9.14, cf. IG 12.40.10; δέχεσθαι, λαμβάνειν, ἁρπάζειν π. τινός, Th. 1.20, X. Oec. 9.11, Hes. Th. 914; ἀντιάσαι, αἰτήσασθαι π. τινός, S. El. 870 (lyr.), X. HG 3.1.4; ἀξιοῖ π. τοῦ ἰατροῦ φάρμακον πιὼν ἐξεμέσαι τὸ νόσημα Pl. R. 406d; κόσμος τοῖς πράξασι γίγνεται π. τῶν ἀκουσάντων Id. Mx. 236e: without Verb, ὁ καρπὸς ὁ π. τῶν δημάρχων IG 12.76.27: with Verbs of learning, etc., μεμαθηκέναι π. τινῶν Hdt. 2.104, etc. 4. with Pass. Verbs, πὰρ Διὸς . . μῆνις ἐτύχθη Il. 15.122; π. θεῶν ἡ τοιαύτη μανία δίδοται Pl. Phdr. 245c, etc.; τὰ π. τῶν θεῶν σημαινόμενα, συμβουλευόμενα, X. Cyr. 1.6.2; τὰ π. τινὸς λεγόμενα ib.6.1.42; τὰ π. τῆς τύχης δωρηθέντα the presents of . . , Isoc. 4.26; με π. σοῦ σοφίας πληρωθήσεσθαι Pl. Smp. 175e. III. rarely for παρά c. dat., by, near, πὰρ ποδός Pi. P. 10.62, 3.60; παρὰ δὲ κυανέων πελαγέων dub. l. in S. Ant. 966 (lyr.); τὸν Ῥειτὸν τὸν παρὰ τοῦ ἄστεως IG 12.81.5; πολλοὶ παρʼ ἀμφοτέρων ἔπιπτον, = ἀμφοτέρωθεν, D.S. 19.42. IV. π. τῆς συγχωρήσεώς τινος without his consent, BCH 46.337 (Teos). B. WITH DAT. denoting rest by the side of any person or thing, answering the question where? I. of Places, κατʼ ἂρ ἕζετʼ . . πὰρ πυρί, ἔκειτο π. σηκῷ, Od. 7.154, 9.319; νέμονται π. πέτρῃ 13.408; ἑσταότες παρ ὄχεσφιν Il. 8.565; πὰρ ποσὶ μαρναμένων ἐκυλίνδετο at their feet, 14.411, etc.; π. θύρῃσι at the door, 7.346; π. ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης 2.773; δεῖπνον . . εἵλοντο παρʼ ὄχθῃσιν ποταμοῖο Od. 6.97, cf. Il. 4.475, 20.53, etc.; κεῖσθαι παρʼ Ἅιδῃ S. OT 972; παρʼ οἴνῳ over wine, ib. 780, etc. II. of persons, beside, πὰρ δὲ οἷ αὐτῷ εἷσε Θεοκλύμενον Od. 15.285; κεῖτο παρὰ μνηστῇ ἀλόχῳ Il. 9.556, cf. 6.246, etc.; παρʼ ἀνδράσιν εὐνάζεσθαι Od. 5.119; δαίνυσθαι π. τινί 8.243; πὰρ δέ οἱ ἑστήκει stood by him, Il. 4.367. 2. at oneʼs house or place, with one, μένειν π. τισί 9.427; θητευέμεν ἄλλῳ, ἀνδρὶ παρʼ ἀκλήρῳ Od. 11.490; φιλέεσθαι π. τινί Il. 13.627; παρʼ ἑωυτοῖσι at their own house, Hdt. 1.105, cf. 86; παιδευθῆναι π. τινί X. Cyr. 1.2.15; καταλύειν π. τινί D. 18.82 (but παρά τινα καταλῦσαι Th. 1.136), etc.: hence οἱ παρʼ ἐμοί those of my household, X. Mem. 2.7.4, etc.; τὰ παρʼ ἐμοί life with me, Id. An. 1.7.4; οἱ παρʼ ἡμῖν ἄνθρωποι our people, Pl. Phd. 64b; ἡ παρʼ ἡμῖν πολιτεία, ὁ παρʼ ὑμῖν δῆμος, D. 15.19; ὁ παρʼ αὑτῷ βίοτος oneʼs own life, S. OT 612; τὸ παρʼ ἡμῖν πῦρ Pl. Phlb. 29f; ὅσος παρʼ ὑμῖν ὁ φθόνος φυλάσσεται S. OT 382; τὸ παρʼ ἡμῖν σῶμα Pl. Phlb. 29f; also, in oneʼs hands, τὰ π. τοῖς Ἑλληνοταμίαις ὄντα IG 12.91.6; ἔχειν παρʼ ἑωυτῷ Hdt. 1.130, etc.; οὔπω παρʼ ἐμοὶ τότʼ ἦν λέγειν I had no right to speak then, Men. Epit. 98. 3. before, in the presence of, ἤειδε π. μνηστῆρσιν Od. 1.154; before a judge, δίκας γίγνεσθαι π. τῷ πολεμάρχῳ IG 12.16.9; π. Δαρείῳ κριτῇ Hdt. 3.160; π. τῷ βασιλέϊ Id. 4.65; παρὰ δικασταῖς Th. 1.73; εἰς κρίσιν καθιστάναι τινὰ π. τισί D. 18.13: hence παρʼ ἐμοί in my judgement, Hdt. 1.32, cf. S. Tr. 589, E. Heracl. 881, 1 Ep.Cor. 3.19; π. τούτῳ μέγα δυνήσεται with him, Pl. Grg. 510e. 4. in quoting authors, παρʼ Ἐφόρῳ, παρʼ Αἰσχίνῃ, π. Θουκυδίδῃ, in Ephorus, etc., Plb. 9.2.4, D.H. Comp. 9,18. III. Arc., = π. c. gen., from, καθὰ εἶχον τὰς ἰντολὰς π. τᾷ ἰδίᾳ πόλι SIG 559.9 (Megalop., iii B. C.), cf. 558.10 (Ithaca, iii B. C.). C. WITH ACCUS. in three main senses, I. beside, near, by, II. along, III. past, beyond. I. beside, near, by: 1. with Verbs of coming, going, etc., to the side of, to, ἴτην π. νῆας Il. 1.347, cf. 8.220, etc.; βῆ . . π. θῖνα 1.34, cf. 327, etc.; τρέψας πὰρ ποταμόν to the side of . . , 21.603, cf. 3.187: more freq. of persons, εἶμι παρʼ Ἥφαιστον to the chamber of H., 18.143, cf. Od. 1.285, etc.; ἐσιόντες π. τοὺς φίλους Th. 2.51, etc.; φοιτᾶν π. τὸν Σωκράτη Pl. Phd. 59d; πέμπειν ἀγγέλους, πρέσβεις π. τινά, Hdt. 1.141, Th. 1.58, etc.; ἄγειν π. τινά Hdt. 1.86; καταφυγὴ π. φίλων τινάς Th. 2.17. 2. with Verbs of rest, beside, near, by, sts. with ref. to past motion (expressed in such phrases as ἧσο παρʼ αὐτὸν ἰοῦσα Il. 3.406, cf. 11.577), ἔς ῥα θρόνους ἕζοντο παρʼ Ἀτρεΐδην Μενέλαον Od. 4.51, cf. 13.372; κεῖται ποταμοῖο παρʼ ὄχθας lies stretched beside . . , Il. 4.487, cf. 12.381; παρʼ ἔμʼ ἵστασο come and stand by me, 11.314, cf. 592, 20.49, etc.; π. πυθμένʼ ἐλαίης θῆκαν Od. 13.122; καταθέτω π. τὰ ἴκρια IG 12.94.28; κοιμήσαντο π. πρυμνήσια they lay down by . . , Od. 12.32, cf. 3.460; ὁ παρʼ ἐμὲ καθήμενος Pl. Euthd. 271b, cf. Phd. 89b; ἐκάθητο π. τὴν πύλην, π. τὴν ὁδόν, LXX Ge. 19.1, Ev.Marc. 10.46; παρʼ αὐτὸν τὸν καλέσαντα κατακείμενος δειπνῆσαι Thphr. Char. 21.2, cf. Pl. Smp. 175c; ἐκαθέζετο π. τὸν Λύσιν Id. Ly. 211a, cf. R. 328c; στὰς παρʼ αὐτόν Id. Phd. 116c; τέμενος νεμόμεσθα . . παρʼ ὄχθας Il. 12.313, cf. 6.34, IG 12.943.45; τοῦ Εὐρίπου, παρʼ ὃν ᾤκει Aeschin. 3.90; κατελείφθη π. τὸν νηόν Hdt. 4.87; τὴν παρʼ ἐμὲ ἐοῦσαν δύναμιν Id. 8.140.ά (v.l. ἐμοί) ; εἶπεν αὐτῷ μένειν παρʼ ἑαυτόν X. Cyr. 1.4.18, cf. An. 1.9.31, Ar. Fr. 451, Is. 8.16, Alex. 248, Demetr.Com. Nov.1.5, IG 22.654.23 (iii B. C.), Plb. 3.26.1, 11.14.3, 28.14.3; ἡ π. θάλασσαν Μακεδονία Th. 2.99, cf. S. El. 184 (lyr.), Tr. 636 (lyr.); Καρβασυανδῆς π. Καῦνον IG 12.204.52; τὸ κουρεῖον τὸ π. τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς Lys. 23.3, cf. And. 1.62, Is. 6.20, 8.35, Aeschin. 1.182, 3.88, Lycurg. 112; τᾶς παστάδος τᾶς παρʼ Ἀπόλλωνα IG 42 (1).109 iii 146 (Epid.); παρʼ ὄμμα before oneʼs eyes, E. Supp. 484; π. πόδας on the spot, Phld. Ir.p.78 W., Rh. 2.2 S.; immediately thereafter, Plb. 1.7.5, 1.8.2, al. b. Dor., Boeot., and Thess., = supr. B. II.2, at the house of . . , with a person, IG 7.3171.7 (Orchom. Boeot.), GDI 1717 (Delph.); παρʼ ἁμὲ πολυτίματος [ὁ σῖτος] Ar. Ach. 759 (Megar.); τοῖς κατοικέντεσσι πὰρ ἀμμέ IG 9(2).517.18 (Larissa, iii B. C.); τοῖ πὰρ ἀμμὲ πολιτεύματος ib.13; πεπολιτευκὼρ πὰρ ἁμέ Schwyzer 425.5 (Elis, iii/ii B. C.): so in Att., θέμενος π. γυναῖκας depositing with . . , Pl. R. 465c. 3. with Verbs of striking, wounding, etc., βάλε στῆθος π. μαζόν Il. 4.480, etc.; τὸν δʼ ἕτερον . . κληῗδα παρʼ ὦμον πλῆξε 5.146; τύψε κατὰ κληῗδα παρʼ αὐχένα 21.117, cf. 4.525, 8.325, etc.; αἰχμὴ δʼ ἐξελύθη παρὰ νείατον ἀνθερεῶνα 5.293, cf. 17.310; δησάμενος τελαμῶνι π. σφυρόν ib.290. 4. with Verbs of placing, examining, etc., side by side with . . , ὁ ἔλεγχος π. τὸν ἔλεγχον παραβαλλόμενος Pl. Grg. 475e, cf. Hp.Mi. 369c, Smp. 214c, R. 348a; ἐξέτασον παρʼ ἄλληλα τὰ σοὶ κἀμοὶ βεβιωμένα D. 18.265; ἄλλα παρʼ ἄλλατιθέμενα . . τῶν χρωμάτων Arist. Mete. 375a24. b. Geom., παραβάλλειν π. apply an area to (i. e. along) a finite straight line, Euc. 1.44, Archim. Aequil. 2.1; π. τὴν δοθεῖσαν αὐτοῦ γραμμὴν παρατείναντα Pl. Men. 87a; ἡ [εὐθεῖα] παρʼ ἣν δύνανται αἱ καταγόμεναι τεταγμένως the line to which are applied the squares of the or dinates, etc., Apollon. Perg.Con. 1.11: hence, c. Arith., παραβάλλειν τι π. τι divide by . . (v. παραβάλλω A. VII. 2); μερίζω τι π. τι Dioph. 4.33; ἐπὶ γʹ π. ιʹ multiply by 3 and divide by 10, PLond. 5.1718.2 (vi A. D.). 5. Geom., parallel to . . , Democr. 155, Arist. Top. 158b31, Archim. Sph. Cyl. 1.12, al. 6. metaph. in Gramm., like, as a parody of . . , π. τὸ Σοφόκλειον, π. τὰ ἐν Τεύκρῳ Σοφοκλέους, Sch.Ar. Av. 1240, Nu. 584. b. Gramm., of words which differ as compared with other words, π. τὸ τοῦ ἔρωτος ὄνομα σμικρὸν παρηγμένον ἐστίν . . [τὸ ἥρως] Pl. Cra. 398d, cf. 399a, Lg. 654a: hence, derived from . . , π. τὸ ἔδαφος, δάπεδον, A.D. Pron. 31.16; π. τὸ δρῶ δρᾶμα Sch.A.R. 2.624; σύγκειται [τὸ αὐθέντης] π. τὸ εἷναι . . καὶ π. τὸ αὐτός Phryn. PSp.24 B. 7. generally, of Comparison, alongside of, compared with, usu. implying superiority, δοκέοντες π. ταῦτα οὐδʼ ἂν τοὺς σοφωτάτους ἀνθρώπων Αἰγυπτίους οὐδὲν ἐπεξευρεῖν Hdt. 2.160, cf. 7.20, 103; ἡλίου ἐκλείψεις αἳ πυκνότεραι π. τὰ ἐκ τοῦ πρὶν χρόνου μνημονευόμενα ξυνέβησαν Th. 1.23, cf. 4.6; τῶν ἁπάντων ἀπερίοπτοί εἰσι π. τὸ νικᾶν Id. 1.41; π. τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα ὥσπερ θεοὶ ἄνθρωποι βιοτεύουσι X. Mem. 1.4.14; φαίνεται π. τὸ ἀλγεινὸν ἡδὺ καὶ π. τὸ ἡδὺ ἀλγεινὸν ἡ ἡσυχία Pl. R. 584a, cf. Phdr. 236d, La. 183c, al.; εὐδαίμων μᾶλλον π. πάντας BCH 26.332 (Halae); προετέρει π. πάντας PSI 4.422.34 (iii B. C.): sts. implying inferiority or defect, ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν βραχύ τι παρʼ ἀγγέλους a little lower than the angels, LXX Ps. 8.6; μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ὑστεροῦσι π. τὸν ἥλιον lag one day behind the sun, Gem. 8.19; so perh. παρʼ αὐτόν, ὑπὲρ αὐτόν (has passed the ball?) short of him, beyond him, Antiph. 234; μέγα τοι ἡμέρα παρʼ ἡμέραν γιγνομένη γνώμην ἐξ ὀργῆς μεταστῆσαι one day compared with another is important . . , a dayʼs delay makes a difference, Antipho 5.72; τί γὰρ παρʼ ἦμαρ ἡμέρα τέρπειν ἔχει προσθεῖσα κἀναθεῖσα τοῦ γε κατθανεῖν; what joy has one day compared with another to offer, since it only brings us nearer to, or farther from, death (which is neither good nor evil)? S. Aj. 475; ὃς μὲν κρίνει (prefers) ἡμέραν παρʼ ἡμέραν, ὃς δὲ κρίνει (approves) πᾶσαν ἡμέραν Ep.Rom. 14.5. 8. with Verbs of estimating, to set at so and so much, hence π. = equivalent to . . , ταρβῶ μὴ . . θῆται παρʼ οὐδὲν τὰς ἐμὰς ἐπιστολάς set at nought, E. IT 732, cf. A. Ag. 229 (lyr.); παρʼ οὐδὲν ἄγειν S. Ant. 35; π. μικρὸν ἡγεῖσθαι or ποιεῖσθαί τι hold of small account, Isoc. 5.79, D. 61.51; παρʼ ὀλίγον ποιεῖσθαί τινα X. An. 6.6.11; so with εἶναι, etc., παρʼ οὐδέν ἐστι are as nothing, S. OT 983, cf. Ant. 466; παρʼ οὐδὲν αὐταῖς ἦν ἂν ὀλλύναι πόσεις E. Or. 569; οὐ π. μέγα ἔσεσθαι τὸ πταῖσμα Arr. An. 1.18.6; so perh. π. σμικρὰ κεχώρηκε have turned out of little account, have amounted to little, Hdt. 1.120. b. in Accountancy, without a verb, π. τὴν καταλλαγήν on account of κ., PHib. 1.100.4 (iii B. C.). 9. of correspondence, ὀφείλειν στατῆρα π. στατῆρα stater for stater (one to each of two creditors), BCH 50.214 (Thasos, v B. C.); πληγὴν π. πληγὴν ἑκάτερον Ar. Ra. 643; συνεῖναι ἑκατέρῳ ἡμέραν παρʼ ἡμέραν stayed day for day with each, D. 59.46; hence of alternation, ποιεῖσθαι ἁγνείας καὶ θυσίας δύο π. δύο, of four priests acting two and two alternately, BGU 1198.12 (i B. C.); τοῦ καθημερινοῦ ἢ μίαν π. μίαν (sc. ἡμέραν) [πυρετοῦ] quotidian or tertian fever, ib.956.3 (iii A. D.): sts. without doubling of the Noun, παρʼ ἡμέρην, opp. καθʼ ἡμέρην, tertian, opp. quotidian, Hp. Aph. 1.12; καθʼ ἡμέραν, παρʼ ἡμέραν, π. δύο, π. τρεῖς every day, every second day, every third (fourth) day, Arr. Epict. 2.18.13; π. μίαν every second day, Plb. 3.110.4; παρʼ ἐνιαυτόν every second year, Plu. Cleom. 15; παρʼ ἔτος year and year about, Arist. GA 757a7; every second year, Paus. 8.15.2; π. μέρος by turns (v. μέρος II. 2); ὁ ἀνὰ μέρος παρʼ ἓξ μῆνας ὑπὲρ γῆν τε καὶ ὑπὸ γῆν γινόμενος Ἄδωνις Corn. ND 28; π. μῆνα τρίτον every third month, Arist. HA 582b4, cf. Plu. 2.942e; but π. τρία [ἔτεα] prob. every fourth year, IG 5(2).422 (Phigalea), cf. Arr. Epict. l.c.; ἕνα παρʼ ἕνα παραλειπτέον every second one, Nicom. Ar. 1.18; ἕνα π. δύο (τρεῖς) every third (fourth) one, ibid.; παρὰ δʼ ἄλλαν ἄλλα μοῖρα διώκει now one now another, E. Heracl. 611. 10. precisely at the moment of, παρʼ αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα flagrante delicto, D. 18.13, 21.26; ἀποδώσω π. τὸν εὔθυνον τὸ καθῆκον IG 12.188.31; π. τοιοῦτον καιρόν, π. τὰς χρείας, D. 20.41,46; π. τὰ δεινά in the midst of danger, Plu. Ant. 63; π. τὴν πρώτην γένεσιν Jul. Or. 1.10b; π. τὴν πρώτην (sc. ἐπίθεσιν) at the first attack, Hld. 9.2; π. γε τὴν πρώτην ὁρμήν Ael. NA 14.10. b. distributively, whether of Time, π. τὰ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα in each complete period of seventy years, Hdt. 1.32; ἐν ταῖς ὁδοιπορίαις π. στάδια διακόσια . . τοῖς ἑκατὸν σταδίοις διήνεγκαν ἀλλήλων X. Oec. 20.18; πὰρ ϝέτος each year, every year, Tab.Heracl. 1.101; π. τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἕκαστον IG 12(7).5.14 (Amorgos); παρʼ ἆμάρ τε καὶ νύκτα day and night, B. Fr. 7; or more generally, πὰρ τὰν ἐλαίαν in respect of each olive plant, Tab.Heracl. 1.122; παρʼ ἡμέραν αἱ ἀμίαι πολὺ ἐπιδήλως αὐξάνονται from day to day, per day, Arist. HA 571a21; τὸ παρʼ ἑκάστην βάσιν γινόμενον μικρὸν πολὺ γίνεται π. πολλάς Id. Pr. 881b26; ἡ παρʼ ἡμέραν χάρις D. 8.70; τὸ παρʼ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἡδύ Pl. Lg. 705a. c. παρʼ ἆμαρ on (this) day, to-day, τὸ μὲν πὰρ ἆμαρ, τὸ δέ . . to-day and to-morrow, Pi. P. 11.63; but παρʼ ἦμαρ to-morrow, S. OC 1455 (lyr.). d. throughout a period of time, π. τὴν ζόην Hdt. 7.46; π. τὸν βίον ἅπαντα Pl. Lg. 733a; π. πάντα τὸν χρόνον D. 18.10; also more loosely, during, π. τὴν πόσιν while they were drinking, Hdt. 2.121.δʹ; π. τὸν πότον Aeschin. 2.156; π. τὴν κύλικα Plu. Ant. 24; π. δεῖπνον or π. τὸ δεῖπνον, Id. 2.737a,674f. II. along, ὄνος παρʼ ἄρουραν ἰών Il. 11.558; βῆ δὲ θέειν π. τεῖχος 12.352; π. ῥόον Ὠκεανοῖο ᾔομεν Od. 11.21; ἔπλεον π. τὴν ἤπειρον Hdt. 7.193; π. πᾶσαν τὴν ὁδόν Isoc. 4.148; ὀρθὴν παρʼ οἶμον . . τύμβον κατόψει straight along the road, E. Alc. 835; παρʼ ὅλην τὴν φάραγγα Plb. 10.30.3; παρʼ αὐτὴν τὴν χαράδραν παραπορευομένων ib.9; for παραβάλλειν π., v. supr. c. 1.4b. 2. strictly according to, without deviating from, εἶμι π. στάθμην ὀρθὴν ὁδόν Thgn. 945, cf. S. Fr. 474.5; ὠμοί τε δούλοις πάντα καὶ π. στάθμην, i.e. too strict, A. Ag. 1045; π. τὸν λόγον ὃν ἀποφέρουσιν . . ἐπιδείξω I will prove to you strictly according to the accounts which they themselves submit, D. 27.34. III. past, beyond, παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἠνεμόεντα . . ἐσσεύοντο Il. 22.145, cf. Od. 3.172, 24.12; βῆ δὲ π. Κρουνούς h.Ap. 425; π. τὴν Βαβυλῶνα παριέναι pass by Babylon, X. Cyr. 5.2.29; παρʼ αὐτὴν τὴν χύτραν ἄκραν ὁρῶντες looking over the edge of . . , Ar. Av. 390. 2. metaph., over and above, in addition to, οὐκ ἔστι π. ταῦτʼ ἄλλα Id. Nu. 698; π. ταῦτα πάντα ἕτερόν τι Pl. Phd. 74a, cf.R. 337d, D. 18.139, X. HG 1.5.5; ἑκὼν ἐπόνει π. τοὺς ἄλλους more than the others, Id. Ages. 5.3, cf. Mem. 4.4.1, Oec. 20.16; ἃ τῷ ῥαψῳδῷ προσήκει καὶ σκοπεῖσθαι καὶ διακρίνειν π. τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους Pl. Ion 539e. 3. metaph., in excess over, πὰρ δύναμιν beyond oneʼs strength, Il. 13.787, cf. Th. 1.70, Hyp. Lyc. 16, Arist. Rh.Al. 1423b29; π. τὴν δ. Id. Po. 1451b38. 4. metaph., in transgression or violation of, π. μοῖραν Od. 14.509; π. μοῖραν Δίος Alc. Supp. 14.10; παρʼ αἶσαν, παρὰ δίκαν, Pi. P. 8.13, O. 2.16, etc.; π. τὸ δίκαιον Th. 5.90, etc.; π. τὰς σπονδάς, τὸν νόμον, Id. 1.67, X. HG 1.7.14; π. φύσιν Th. 6.17, cf. Pl. Lg. 747b; π. τὴν στήλην prob. in IG 12.45.20; π. καιρόν out of season, Pi. O. 8.24, etc.; π. γνώμαν ib.12.10, cf. A. Supp. 454; π. δόξαν, π. τὸ δοκοῦν ἡμῖν, π. λόγον, Th. 3.93, 1.84, Plb. 2.38.5; παρʼ ἐλπίδα or ἐλπίδας, A. Ag. 899, S. Ant. 392, etc.; πὰρ μέλος out of tune, Pi. N. 7.69; π. τὴν ἀξίαν Th. 7.77, etc.; π. τὸ εἰωθός, τὸ καθεστηκός, Id. 4.17, 1.98. 5. π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, = παρῆλθε τοσοῦτον κινδύνου, passed over so much ground within the sphere of danger, i.e. incurred such imminent peril, Id. 3.49, cf. 7.2; in such phrases the tmesis was forgotten, and the acc. came to be governed by παρά, which thus came to mean ‘by such and such a margin’, ‘with so much to spare’, ἐνίκησαν π. πολύ, ἡσσηθέντες π. πολύ, Id. 1.29, 2.89, cf. Pl. Ap. 36a; παρὰ δʼ ὀλίγον ἀπέφυγες only just, E. IT 870 (lyr.); παρʼ ὀλίγον ἢ διέφευγον ἢ ἀπώλλυντο Th. 7.71; δεινότατον π. πολύ by far, Ar. Pl. 445; παρʼ ὅσον quatenus, Luc. Nec. 17, etc.; π. δύο ψήφους ἀπέφυγε by two votes, Hyp. Eux. 28, cf. D. 23.205; π. τέτταρας ψήφους μετέσχε τῆς πόλεως Is. 3.37; π. τοσοῦτον ἐγένετο αὐτῷ μὴ περιπεσεῖν by so much (= little) he missed falling in with . . , Th. 8.33; π. πέντε ναῦς πλέον ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ ἢ τρεῖς ὀβολοὶ ὡμολογήθησαν ib.29; οὐ π. μικρὸν ἐποίησαν they made no little difference, Isoc. 4.59. b. in phrases like π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, τοσοῦτον was sts. understood of the interval from danger, etc., and παρά came to mean ‘by so much short of’ (τὸ π. μικρὸν ὥσπερ οὐδὲν ἀπέχειν δοκεῖ Arist. Ph. 197a29), within such and such a distance of, so near to, τὴν Ἠϊόνα π. νύκτα ἐγένετο (sc. αὐτῷ) λαβεῖν he was within one night of taking E., Th. 4.106; π. μικρὸν ἦλθον ἀποθανεῖν I came within a little of . . , Isoc. 19.22, cf. Plb. 1.43.7, Plu. Caes. 39; παρʼ ἐλάχιστον ἦλθε . . ἀφελέσθαι was within an ace of taking away, Th. 8.76; παρʼ οὐδὲν μὲν ἦλθον ἀποκτεῖναι (were within a mere nothing, within an ace of killing him), ἐξεκήρυξαν δʼ ἐκ πόλεως Aeschin. 3.258, cf. Plu. Pyrrh. 14, Alex. 62; π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε διαφυγεῖν so near he came to escaping, Luc. Cat. 4; παρὰ ἓν πάλαισμα ἔδραμε νικᾶν Ὀλυμπιάδα Hdt. 9.33; παρʼ οὐδὲν ἐλθόντες τοῦ ἀποβαλεῖν Plb. 1.45.14, cf. 2.55.4, D.S. 17.42: hence without ἐγένετο or ἐλθεῖν, π. μίαν μονάδα (less) by one, i.e. less one, Nicom. Ar. 1.8; τεσσαράκοντα π. μίαν, = 39, 2 Ep.Cor. 11.24; παρʼ ἕνα τοσοῦτοι the same number less one, Plu. Publ. 9; σύ μοι παρʼ ἕνα ἥκεις ἄγων you have brought me one too few, Luc. Cat. 4; δύναται π. δύο συλλαβὰς εἶναι τὸ καταληκτόν Heph. 4.2; τὰ ὁλοκόττινα ηὑρέθησαν π. ἑπτὰ κεράτια seven carats short, PMasp. 70.2 (vi A. D.); πάντες παρʼ ἕνα, πάντες παρʼ ὀλίγους, all save one (a few), Plu. Cat.Mi. 20, Ant. 5; ἔτη δύο π. ἡμέρας δύο IG 5(1).801 (Laconia); of one Μάρκος, θηρίον εἶ π. γράμμα you are a bear (ἄρκος) all but a letter, AP 11.231 (Ammian.); ὡς π. τι καὶ τὰς ὄψεις ἀφανίσαι so that he all but (lit. less something) lost his sight, Vett.Val. 228.6; π. τι βυθίζεσθαι v.l. in Ev.Luc. 5.7; τὸ π. τοῦτο the figure less that, i.e. the remainder or difference, PTeb. 99.10 (ii B. C.), cf. POxy. 264.4 (i A. D.), PAmh. 2.148.5 (v A. D.); hence of any difference whether of excess or defect, οὐδὲν π. τοῦτο ποιούμενοι τοὺς . . Λευκανούς τε καὶ τοὺς . . Σαυνίτας making no difference between . . , Str. 6.1.3, cf. 14.5.11, Plu. 2.24c. 6. hence of the margin by which anything increases or decreases, and so of the cause according to which anything comes into existence or varies, τὸ εὖ π. μικρὸν διὰ πολλῶν ἀριθμῶν γίνεται Polyclit. 2 (cf. μικρός III. 5 c); διαφέρει π. τὰς τῶν παθημάτων ἐναντιώσεις according to . . , Arist. HA 486b5; μεταπίπτει π. τὰ κλίματα Gem. 5.29, cf. 11.5, al.; π. τὰ πράγματα cj. in Apollod.Car. 11. 7. more generally of the margin by which an event occurs, i.e. of the necessary and sufficient cause or motive (τὸ μὴ π. τοῦτο γίνεσθαι τότε λέγομεν, ὅταν ἀναιρεθέντος τούτου μηδὲν ἧττον περαίνηται ὁ συλλογισμός Arist. APr. 65b6, cf. 48a24, al.), κεινὰν π. δίαιταν just for the sake of unsatisfying food, Pi. O. 2.65; ἕκαστος οὐ π. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀμέλειαν οἴεται βλάψειν each thinks that his own negligence will not suffice to cause injury, Th. 1.141, cf. Isoc. 3.48; π. τὴν αὑτοῦ ἁμαρτίαν all through his own fault, Antipho 3.4.5, cf. Isoc. 6.52, D. 4.11, 18.232; πολλὰ . . ἐστιν αἴτια τούτων, καὶ οὐ παρʼ ἓν οὐδὲ δύʼ εἰς τοῦτο τὰ πράγματʼ ἀφῖκται not from one or two causes only, Id. 9.2; οὐ π. τοῦτο οὐκ ἔστι it does not follow that it is not . . , 1 Ep.Cor. 12.15; π. τὸ τὴν ἀρίθμησιν ποιήσασθαι ἐξ ἑτοίμου τοὺς ἐργώνας οὐκ ὀλίγα χρήματα περιεποίησε τῇ πόλει by the simple fact of prompt payment, IPE 12.32B35 (Olbia, iii B. C.); οὐδὲν ἂν παρʼ ἕνα ἄνθρωπον ἐγένετο τούτων Lycurg. 63, cf. Plb. 3.103.2, 18.28.6, al.; οὐδεὶς παρʼ ἑαυτόν ἐστι βασιλεύς thanks to himself alone, Aristeas 224; παρʼ αὑτὸν ἀτυχεῖ Arr. Epict. 3.24.2, cf. Phld. Rh. 2.16 S.; παρʼ ἡμᾶς ἡ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀπόστασις Hierocl. in CA 25p.477M.; εἶναι π. τοῦτο σωτηρίαν τε πόλει καὶ τοὐναντίον, i.e. on this depends . . , Pl. Lg. 715d, cf. X. Eq.Mag. 1.5, D.C. Fr. 36.5; π. μίαν ἡμέραν καὶ ἓν πρᾶγμα καὶ ἀπόλλυται προκοπὴ καὶ σῴζεται Epict. Ench. 51.2; π. τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι just because I am a Greek, UPZ 7.13 (ii B. C.); π. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν αὐτὸν αὐτήν LXX Ge. 29.20, cf. Ex. 14.11; later more loosely, because of . . , Phld. Rh. 1.158 S., Gem. 6.24, etc.; οὐδὲν π. σὲ γέγονε it is no fault of yours, PRyl. 243.6 (ii A. D.), cf. POxy. 1420.7 (ii A. D.). 8. of a limit of possibility, εἴπερ ἐνεδέχετο π. τοὺς παρόντας καιρούς D. 18.239; πεῖσαι τό γε παρʼ αὑτόν to persuade (the judges) so far as in you lies, Arr. Epict. 2.2.20; οἴμωζε παρʼ ἐμέ as far as I am concerned, for all I care, Ar. Av. 846. D. POSITION: παρά may follow its Subst. in all three cases, but then becomes by anastrophe πάρα: when the ult. is elided, the practice varies, τῇσι παρʼ Il. 18.400; but Ἡφαίστοιο πάρʼ ib.191. E. παρά abs., as ADV., near, together, Il. 1.611, al., E. IA 201 (lyr.). F. πάρα (with anastrophe) stands for πάρεστι and πάρεισι, Il. 1.174, Hes. Op. 454, A. Pers. 167, Hdt. 1.42, al., S. El. 285, Ar. Ach. 862, etc. G. IN COMPOS., I. alongside of, beside, of rest, παράκειμαι, παράλληλοι, παρέζομαι, πάρειμι (εἰμί) , παρίστημι; of motion, παραπλέω, πάρειμι (εἶμι). II. to the side of, to, παραδίδωμι, παρέχω. III. to one side of, by, past, παρέρχομαι, παροίχομαι, παραπέμπω, παρακμάζω, παρατρέχω. IV. metaph., 1. aside or beyond, i.e. amiss, wrong, παραβαίνω, παράγω, παροράω, παρορκέω, παρακούω, παραγιγνώσκω. 2. of comparison, as in παραβάλλω, παρατίθημι. 3. of alteration or change, as in παραλλάσσω, παραπείθω, παραπλάσσω, παρατεκταίνω, παραυδάω, παράφημι. 4. of a side-issue, παραπόλλυμι. (Cogn. with Goth. faúr ‘along’, Lat. por-.)