νεῦρον

νεῦρον, τό, A. sinew, tendon, once in Hom., in pl., of the tendons at the feet, περὶ δʼ ἔγχεος αἰχμῇ νεῦρα διεσχίσθη Il. 16.316, cf. Hp. Art. 11, etc.; τὰ ν. οἷα ἐπιτείνεσθαι καὶ ἀνίεσθαι Pl. Phd. 98c; ν. ἐξ ἰνῶν [γίγνεται] Id. Ti. 82c; σάρκες καὶ ν. ibid.; σύγκειταί μου τὸ σῶμα ἐξ ὀστῶν καὶ ν. Id. Phd. 98c, cf. Arist. HA 515a27, al.: used adjectivally, ib.540a18 (s.v.l.). b. ν. ἔναιμον vein, Hp. Liqu. 2, cf. Ruf. Onom. 208. 2. metaph., in pl., nerves, sinews, τὰ ν. τῆς τραγῳδίας, of the lyric odes, Ar. Ra. 862; ὑποτέτμηται τὰ ν. τῶν πραγμάτων Aeschin. 3.166; ἕως ἐκτέμῃ ὥσπερ ν. ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς Pl. R. 411b; ἐκτ. τὰ ν. [οἴνου] Plu. 2.692c; also πόλις ἥτις μὴ νεῦρʼ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας ἔχει D. 19.283: less freq. in sg., τὸ ν. ὑποκόπτοντες τῆς δυνάμεως J. BJ 5.1.4; χρήματα ν. πολέμου App. BC 4.99. II. cord made of sinew, e. g. bowstring, Il. 4.122; string fastening the head of the arrow to the shaft, ib.151; also δέρματα συρράπτειν νεύρῳ βοός Hes. Op. 544; cord of a sling, X. An. 3.4.17, Q.S. 11.112; bowstring, Ach.Tat. 3.8. 2. = νευρά 3, Plb. 4.56.3, App. Mith. 107. 3. string of a lyre, AP 9.584.9, Luc. DMar. 1.4. III. in pl., fibres of plants, Pl. Plt. 280c. IV. nerves, as organs of sensation, first in Erasistr. ap. Gal. 5.602; ν. πρακτικά, αἰσθητικά, etc., Ruf. Onom. 211; ν. κινητικά, προαιρετικά, Gal. 2.613, 739; ν. ἀκουστικόν Alex.Aphr. Pr. 1.71, cf. Gal. 2.831, Plot. 4.3.23. V. penis, Pl.Com. 173.19, Gal. 8.442. (Cf. Skt. snā´van-, Avest. snāvarə, ‘sinew’, ‘bond’.)