κράτος

κράτος [ᾰ], Ion. and Ep. κάρτος, εος, τό, both in Hom.; Aeol. κρέτος Alc. 25:—A. strength, might, in Hom. esp. of bodily strength, ἔπεφνε δόλῳ, οὔ τι κράτεΐ γε Il. 7.142; ἔχει ἥβης ἄνθος, ὅ τε κ. ἐστὶ μέγιστον 13.484, etc.; τὸ γὰρ αὖτε σιδήρου γε κ. ἐστίν this (i.e. τὸ βάψαι) is what gives strength to iron, Od. 9.393: generally, δικαία γλῶσσʼ ἔχει κ. μέγα S. Fr. 80; μηχανῆς ἔστω κ. A. Supp. 207; κατὰ κράτος with all oneʼs might or strength, πολιορκεῖσθαι Th. 1.64; πολεμεῖν Pl. Lg. 692d; ἐξελέγχεσθαι D. 34.20, etc.: freq. in phrase αἱρεῖν κατὰ κ. take by storm, Th. 8.100, Isoc. 4.119, etc.; also ἀνὰ κράτος διώκειν X. Cyr. 1.4.23; ἐλαύνειν Id. An. 1.8.1, etc.; ἀπὸ κράτους D.S. 17.34; πρὸς ἰσχύος κράτος, opp. λόγῳ, S. Ph. 594. 2. personified, K. Βία τε A. Pr. 12; K. καὶ Δίκη Id. Ch. 244. II. power, τοῦ γὰρ κ. ἐστὶ μέγιστον, of Zeus, Il. 2.118, etc.; τοῦ γὰρ κ. ἔστʼ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ Od. 1.359, cf. Il. 12.214; Ζηνὸς κ. Pi. O. 6.96, cf. A. Pr. 527 (lyr.); ἐκπίπτειν κράτους, of Zeus, ib. 948; τὸ κ. τοῦ θεοῦ LXX Ps. 61(62).11, etc.: pl., ὑποχείριος κράτεσιν ἀρσένων A. Supp. 393 (lyr.), cf. S. Ant. 485; esp. of political power, rule, sovereignty, ὁ μαιόμενος τὸ μέγα κρέτος ὀντρέψει τάχα τὰν πόλιν Alc. l.c.; τὸ κ. περιθεῖναί τινι Hdt. 1.129; ἐς τὸ πλῆθος φέρειν τὸ κ. Id. 3.81; τὸ πᾶν κ. ἔχειν to be all-powerful, Id. 7.3; ἀρχὴ καὶ κ. τυραννικόν S. OC 373; βασιλεὺς πρῶτος ἐν κράτει Ὀδρυσῶν ἐγένετο in real power, Th. 2.29; later τὸ κ. τῶν Ῥωμαίων POxy. 41i2 (iii/iv A. D.): in pl., κράτη καὶ θρόνους S. Ant. 173, cf. OT 586, etc.; θρόνων κράτη sovereign power, Id. Ant. 166. 2. c. gen., power over, τὸ Περσέων κ. ἔχοντα Hdt. 3.69; τὸ κ. εἶχε τῆς στρατιῆς Id. 9.42; πᾶν κ. ἔχων χθονός A. Supp. 425 (lyr.); τῶν ἄλλων δαιμόνων E. Tr. 949; δὸς κ. τῶν σῶν δόμων A. Ch. 480; δωμάτων ἔχειν κ. Ar. Th. 871; τὸ τῆς θαλάσσης κ. Th. 1.143; μετὰ κράτους τῆς γῆς Id. 8.24; ὧν ἂν ᾖ τὸ κ. τῆς γῆς whoever have possession of the land, Id. 4.98; κ. ἔχειν ἑαυτοῦ Pl. Plt. 273a: pl., ἀστραπᾶν κράτη νέμων S. OT 201 (lyr.). 3. of persons, a power, an authority, Ἀχαιῶν δίθρονον κ. A. Ag. 109 (lyr.), cf. 619, Th. 127 (lyr.). III. mastery, victory, freq. in Hom., Il. 1.509, 6.387, Od. 21.280; κ. ἄρνυσθαι S. Ph. 838 (lyr.); νίκη καὶ κράτη A. Supp. 951; ἀέθλων κ. victory in . . , Pi. I. 8(7).4; νίκη καὶ κ. τῶν δρωμένων S. El. 85; κ. ἀριστείας the meed of highest valour, Id. Aj. 443; νίκη καὶ κ. πολεμίων Pl. Lg. 962a; κ. πολέμου καὶ νίκη D. 19.130. IV. Medic., in pl., ligaments, Hp. Mul. 2.167. 2. = ταρσός, back of the hand, Poll. 2.144. V. Pythag. name for ten, Theol.Ar. 59.—This word and its derivs. take two forms, κρατ- and καρτ-; the latter is mostly Ep., as κάρτος, κάρτιστος, καρτύνω, but in κρατερός and καρτερός the reverse holds, v. κρατερός fin.; κρατέω, κρατύς have no form καρτ-. (κρατ- and καρτ- from kṛt-, weak form of κρετ-, cf. κρέτος, κρέσσων.)