κόσμος

κόσμος, ὁ, A. order, κατὰ κόσμον in order, duly, εὖ κατὰ κ. Il. 10.472, al.; οὐ κατὰ κ. shamefully, Od. 8.179; μὰψ ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κ. Il. 2.214: freq. in dat., κόσμῳ καθίζειν to sit in order, Od. 13.77, cf. Hdt. 8.67; οὐ κ. . . ἐλευσόμεθα Il. 12.225; κ. θεῖναι τὰ πάντα Hdt. 2.52, cf. 7.36, etc.; διάθες τάδε κ. Ar. Av. 1331; κ. φέρειν bear becomingly, Pi. P. 3.82; δέξασθαί τινα κ. A. Ag. 521; σὺν κόσμῳ Hdt. 8.86, Arist. Mu. 398b23; ἐν κόσμῳ Hp. Mul. 1.3, Pl. Smp. 223b; κόσμῳ οὐδενὶ κοσμηθέντες in no sort of order, Hdt. 9.59; φεύγειν, ἀπιέναι οὐδενὶ κ., Id. 3.13, 8.60.γ, etc.; ἀτάκτως καὶ οὐδενὶ κ. Th. 3.108, cf. A. Pers. 400; οὐκέτι τὸν αὐτὸν κ. no longer in the same order, Hdt. 9.66; οὐδένα κ. ib.65, 69; ἦν δʼ οὐδεὶς κ. τῶν ποιουμένων Th. 3.77: generally, of things, natural order, γίνεται τῶν τεταρταίων ἡ κατάστασις ἐκ τούτου τοῦ κ. Hp. Prog. 20. 2. good order, good behaviour, = κοσμιότης Phld. Mus. p.43 K.; discipline, D. 18.216; οὐ κ., ἀλλʼ ἀκοσμία S. Fr. 846. 3. form, fashion, ιππου κόσμον ἄεισον δουρατέου Od. 8.492; κ. ἐπέων ἀπατηλός Parm. 8.52; ἐξηγεομένων . . τὸν κ. αὐτοῦ the fashion of it, Hdt. 3.22; κ. τόνδε . . ὁ καταστησάμενος who established this order or from, Id. 1.99. 4. of states, order, government, μεταστῆσαι τὸν κ. Th. 4.76, cf. 8.48, 67; μένειν ἐν τῷ ὀλιγαρχικῷ κ. 8.72, etc.; esp. of the Spartan constitution, Hdt. 1.65, Clearch. 3: pl., πόλεων κόσμοι Pl. Prt. 322c. II. ornament, decoration, esp. of women, Il. 14.187, Hes. Op. 76, Hdt. 5.92.ηʹ; γυναικεῖος κ. Pl. R. 373c, etc.; of a horse, Il. 4.145; of men, Hdt. 3.123, A. Th. 397, etc.; γλαυκόχροα κόσμον ἐλαίας, of an olive-wreath, Pi. O. 3.13, cf. 8.83, P. 2.10, etc.; κ. κυνῶν X. Cyn. 6.1; κ. καὶ ἔπιπλα Lys. 12.19; κ. ἀργυροῦς a service of plate, Ath. 6.231b; ἱερὸς κ. OGI 90.40 (Rosetta, ii B. C.): pl., ornaments, A. Ag. 1271; οἱ περὶ τὸ σῶμα κ. Isoc. 2.32: metaph., of ornaments of speech, such as epithets, Id. 9.9 (pl.), Arist. Rh. 1408a14, Po. 1457b2, 1458a33; ἁδυμελῆ κ. κελαδεῖν to sing sweet songs of praise, Pi. O. 11 (10).13 (s.v.l.). 2. metaph., honour, credit, Id. N. 2.8, I. 6(5).69; κόσμον φέρει τινί it does one credit, Hdt. 8.60, 142; γύναι, γυναιξὶ κόσμον ἡ σιγὴ φέρει S. Aj. 293; κ. τοῦτʼ ἐστὶν ἐμοί Ar. Nu. 914; οἷς κόσμος [ἐστὶ] καλῶς τοῦτο δρᾶν Th. 1.5; ἐν κόσμῳ καὶ τιμῇ εἶναί τινι D. 60.36; of persons, σὺ ἔμοιγε μέγιστος κ. ἔσει X. Cyr. 6.4.3; ἡ μεγαλοψυχία οἷον κ. τις τῶν ἀρετῶν Arist. EN 1124a1. III. ruler, regulator, title of chief magistrate in Crete, SIG 712.57, etc.; collectively, body of κόσμοι, ib.524.1; τοῦ κ. τοῖς πλίασι ib.527.74: also freq. in pl., ib.528.1, al., Arist. Pol. 1272a6, Str. 10.4.18, 22; cf. κόρμος. IV. Philos., world-order, universe, first in Pythag., acc.to Placit. 2.1.1, D.L. 8.48 (cf. [Philol.]21), or Parm., acc. to Thphr. ap. D.L.l.c.; κόσμον τόνδε οὔτε τις θεῶν οὔτε ἀνθρώπων ἐποίησεν, ἀλλʼ ἦν ἀεὶ καὶ ἔστιν καὶ ἔσται πῦρ Heraclit. 30; ὁ καλούμενος ὑπὸ τῶν σοφιστῶν κ. X. Mem. 1.1.11: freq. in Pl., Grg. 508a, Ti. 27a, al.; ἡ τοῦ ὅλου σύστασίς ἐστι κ. καὶ οὐρανός Arist. Cael. 280a21, cf. Epicur. Ep. 2p.37U., Chrysipp.Stoic. 2.168, etc.; ὁ κ. ζῷον ἔμψυχον καὶ λογικόν Posidon. ap. D.L. 7.139, cf. Pl. Ti. 30b: sts. of the firmament, γῆς ἁπάσης τῆς ὑπὸ τῷ κόσμῳ κειμένης Isoc. 4.179; ὁ περὶ τὴν γῆν ὅλος κ. Arist. Mete. 339a20; μετελθεῖν εἰς τὸν ἀέναον κ., of death, OGI 56.48 (Canopus, iii B. C.); but also, of earth, as opp. heaven, ὁ ἐπιχθόνιος κ. Herm. ap. Stob. 1.49.44; or as opp. the underworld, ὁ ἄνω κ. Iamb. VP 27.123; of any region of the universe, ὁ μετάρσιος κ. Herm. ap. Stob. 1.49.44; of the sphere whose centre is the earthʼs centre and radius the straight line joining earth and sun, Archim. Aren. 4; of the sphere containing the fixed stars, Pl. Epin. 987b: in pl., worlds, coexistent or successive, Anaximand. et alii ap.Placit. 2.1.3, cf. Epicur.l.c.; also, of stars, Νὺξ μεγάλων κ. κτεάτειρα A. Ag. 356 (anap.), cf. Heraclid.et Pythagorei ap.Placit. 2.13.15 (= Orph. Fr. 22); οἱ ἑπτὰ κ. the Seven planets, Corp.Herm. 11.7. 2. metaph., microcosm, ἄνθρωπος μικρὸς κ. Democr. 34; ἄνθρωπος βραχὺς κ. Ph. 2.155; of living beings in general, τὸ ζῷον οἷον μικρόν τινα κ. εἶναί φασιν ἄνδρες παλαιοί Gal. UP 3.10. 3. in later Gr., = οἰκουμένη, the known or inhabited world, OGI 458.40 (9 B.C.), Ep.Rom. 1.8, etc.; ὁ τοῦ παντὸς κ. κύριος, of Nero, SIG 814.31, cf. IGRom. 4.982 (Samos); ἐὰν τὸν κ. ὅλον κερδήσῃ Ev.Matt. 16.26. 4. men in general, φανέρωσον σεαυτὸν τῷ κ. Ev.Jo. 7.4, cf. 12.19; esp. of the world as estranged from God by sin, ib.16.20, 17.9, al., 1 Ep.Cor. 1.21, etc. 5. οὗτος ὁ κ. this present world, i.e. earth, opp. heaven, Ev.Jo. 13.1; regarded as the kingdom of evil, ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κ. τούτου ib.12.31. V. Pythag.name for six, Theol.Ar. 37; for ten, ib.59.