κόπτω

κόπτω, Od. 18.28, etc.: fut. κόψω Hippon. 83, Men. Pk. 64, etc.: aor. ἔκοψα, Ep. κόψα Il. 13.203: pf. κέκοφα (ἐκ-) X. HG 6.5.37, (περι-) Lys. 14.42, (συγ-) Pl. Tht. 169b; Ep. part. κεκοπώς Il. 13.60 (v.l. -φώς, -πών), Od. 18.335:—Med., fut. κόψομαι LXX Ez. 6.9: aor. ἐκοψάμην Hdt. 4.166:—Pass., fut. κεκόψομαι (ἀπο-) Ar. Nu. 1125, (ἐκ-) Id. Ra. 1223, (κατα-) X. An. 1.5.16, κοπήσομαι LXX Je. 8.2, Gal. 13.759: aor. ἐκόπην A. Ag. 1278, Ar. Ra. 723, Th. 8.13: pf. κέκομμαι A. Pers. 683:— A. cut, strike, 1. smite, σʼ ἀμφὶ κάρη κεκοπὼς χερσὶ στιβαρῇσι Od. 18.335: c. dupl. acc., κόψε δὲ παπτήναντα παρήϊον smote him on the cheek, Il. 23.690. 2. smite with weapons, κόπτοντες δούρεσσι μετάφρενον Od. 8.528; τοῖσι Πέρσῃσι εἵποντο κόπτοντες Hdt. 6.113: metaph. in Pass., with play on words, αἰεὶ κόπτῃ ῥήμασι καὶ κοπίσιν AP 11.335. 3. smite, slaughter an animal with an axe or mallet, κόψας ἐξόπιθεν κεράων βοός Il. 17.521, cf. Od. 14.425, X. An. 2.1.6; in Trag., A. Ag. 1278, Eu. 635, E. El. 838. 4. cut off, chop off, κεφαλὴν ἀπὸ δειρῆς κόψεν Il. 13.203; χεῖράς τʼ ἠδὲ πόδας κόπτον Od. 22.477; κ. [τὰ γέρρα] ταῖς μαχαίραις X. An. 4.6.26; κ. δένδρα cut down or fell trees, Th. 2.75, X. HG 5.2.39,43; κ. τὴν χώραν lay it waste, ib.3.2.26, 4.6.5:—in Pass., of ships, to be shattered, disabled by the enemy, Th. 4.14,8.13:—metaph., φρενῶν κεκομμένος A. Ag. 479 (lyr.); τὸν ὕπνον ἁ φροντὶς κόπτοισα preventing, Theoc. 21.28; [πνεῦμα] κοπτόμενον being suddenly stopped, arrested, Arist. Mete. 367a10. 5. strike, beat a horse, to make him go faster, κόψε δʼ Ὀδυσσεὺς τόξῳ Il. 10.513; also σκηπανίῳ Γαιήοχος ἀμφοτέρω (sc. Αἴαντε) κεκοπὼς πλῆσεν μένεος 13.60. 6. hammer, forge, κόπτε δὲ δεσμούς 18.379, Od. 8.274; later, stamp metal, i.e. coin money, κ. νόμισμα IG 12(5).480.11 (Siphnos, Athenian Law), Xenoph. 4, Hdt. 3.56:—Med., coin oneself money, order to be coined, κ. χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου νόμισμα Id. 1.94, cf. 4.166:—Pass., of money, to be stamped or coined, [νομίσμασιν] μόνοις ὀρθῶς κοπεῖσι Ar. Ra. 723, cf. 726. 7. knock or rap at, τὴν θύραν Id. Nu. 132, Pl. 1097, And. 1.41, X. HG 5.4.7, Men. Epit. 538, Phld. Vit.p.30 J., Plu. Alc. 8, etc.; without θύραν, οὗτος, τί κόπτεις; Ar. Ec. 976. 8. pound, bray in a mortar, κυπέρου κεκομμένου Hdt. 4.71; ἀσταφίδα κεκ. Alex. 127.4; ἔλαιον κεκ., i.e. pure oil, LXX 3 Ki. 5.11. 9. knock, dash about, τὸ ὕδωρ ὅταν κοπῇ Pl. Ti. 60b; κόνις . . κοπτομένη . . ὑφʼ ἅρμασι Hes. Sc. 63; θάλασσα κοπτομένη πνοιαῖς Theoc. 22.16. 10. of birds, peck, Arist. HA 609b5; ὁ ἁλιάετος . . τὰ λιμναῖα κ. preys on the lagoon life, ib.593b24; σπειρὴν κ. peck at, Arat. 449; of fish, gnaw, Arist. HA 620b17; of a snake, strike, Il. 12.204:—Pass., of wood or seeds, to be worm-eaten, Thphr. HP 3.18.5, 8.11.2. b. munch, masticate, dub. in Chionid. 6. 11. ὁ ἵππος κ. τὸν ἀναβάτην jars his rider by his paces, X. Eq. 1.4:—Pass., ib.8.7, Hp. Aër. 21. 12. κ. ὄνους dress, prepare mill-stones for use, Alex. 13; set, sharpen, Herod. 6.84:—Med., AP 11.253 (Lucill.). 13. metaph., tire out, weary, μήθʼ ὑμῖν ἐνοχλῶ μήτʼ ἐμαυτὸν κ. D. Prooem. 29, cf. Alciphr. 2.3; λέγων φαίνου τι δὴ καινὸν . . , ἢ μὴ κόπτε με Hegesipp. 1.3, cf. Sosip. 1.20; μὴ κόπτʼ ἔμʼ, ἀλλὰ τὰ κρέα Alex. 173.12; κ. τὴν ἀκρόασιν D.H. Comp. 19; κ. τὰ ὦτα Poll. 6.119; κ. ἐρωτήμασιν ἀκαίροις Plu. Phoc. 7, cf. Moer.p.74 P.:—Pass., to be worn out, κοπτόμενοι ἀεὶ ταῖς στρατείαις D. 2.16. II. Med. κόπτομαι, beat or strike oneself, beat oneʼs breast or head through grief, κεφαλὴν δʼ ὅ γε κόψατο χερσίν Il. 22.33, cf. Hdt. 2.121.δʹ (also Act. τί κόπτεις τὴν κεφαλήν; Men. Her. 4); κόπτεσθαι μέτωπα Hdt. 6.58 (with μαχαίρῃσι added 2.61): abs., Pl. Phd. 60b, R. 619c: pf. Pass., [πόλις] κέκοπται A. Pers. 683:—Act. c. acc. cogn., ἐκοψα κομμὸν Ἄριον Id. Ch. 423 (lyr.). 2. κόπτεσθαί τινα mourn for any one, κόπτεσθʼ Ἄδωνιν Ar. Lys. 396, cf. Ev.Luc. 8.52; but also ἐπί τινα Apoc. 1.7, 18.9 (v.l. αὐτῇ). (Cf. Lith. kapóti, Lett. kapāt ‘chop small’, ‘beat’, ‘stamp’, Lat. capo ‘capon’, perh. σκέπαρνον.)