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ἔσχατος

eschatos

farthest, uttermost, extreme

Appears 84 times across Plato's dialogues.

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Dictionary (LSJ)

ἔσχατος, η, ον, also ος, ον Arat. 625 (prob. fr. ἐκ, ἐξ, perh. eĝhzκατος (cf. ἐχθός) A. like ἔγ-κατα) : I. of Space, as always in Hom., farthest, uttermost, extreme, θάλαμος ἔ. the hindmost chamber, Od. 21.9 ; ἔσχατοι ἄλλων at the end of the lines, Il. 10.434, cf.8.225 ; ἔσχατοι ἀνδρῶν, of the Aethiopians, Od. 1.23 ; οἰκέομεν..ἔσχατοι 6.205 ; ἐσχάτη τῶν οἰκεομένων ἡ Ἰνδική Hdt. 3.106, cf. Th. 2.96, etc.; τὸ ἔ. τῆς ἀγορᾶς X. HG 3.3.5 ; ὑπʼ..ἐσχάτην στήλην S. El. 720 ; τάξις ἐ. the farthest part of the army, Id. Aj. 4 : pl., ἔσχατα γαίης Hes. Th. 731 ; τὰ ἔ. τῶν στρατοπέδων Th. 4.96 ; ἐπʼ ἔσχατα χθονός S. Fr. 956 ; αἱ ἐπʼ ἔσχατα τοῦ ἄστεως οἰκίαι Th. 8.95 ; ἐξ ἐσχάτων ἐς ἔσχατα ἀπικέσθαι from end to end, Hdt. 7.100, cf. X. Vect. 1.6 ; παρʼ ἔσχατα λίμνης Pl. Phd. 113b, cf. Th. 3.106:—in various senses, uppermost, ἐ. πυρά S. El. 900 ; lowest, deepest, ἀΐδας Theoc. 16.52 ; ἅλς AP 13.27 (Phal.) ; innermost, σάρκες S. Tr. 1053 ; last, hindmost, ἤλαυνε δʼ ἔ. Id. El. 734 ; ἐπʼ ἐσχάτῳ at the close of a document, PTeb. 68.54 (ii B.C.), etc. 2. of Degree, uttermost, highest, τὸ ἔ. κορυφοῦται βασιλεῦσι Pi. O. 1.113 ; ἀνορέαι ἔ. Id. I. 4(3).11 ; σοφία Lib. Or. 59.88 ; of misfortunes, sufferings, etc., utmost, last, worst, πόνος, ἀδικία, κίνδυνοι, Pl. Phdr. 247b, R. 361a, Grg. 511d ; ὀδύναι αἱ ἔ. Id. Prt. 354b ; δῆμος ἔ. extreme democracy, Arist. Pol. 1296a2. b. Subst., τὸ ἔ., τὰ ἔ., the utmost, ἐς τὸ ἔ. κακοῦ ἀπιγμένοι Hdt. 8.52 ; τετρῦσθαι ἐς τὸ ἔ. κακοῦ Id. 1.22 ; without Art., ἐπʼ ἔσχατα βαίνεις S. OC 217 (lyr.) ; προβᾶσʼ ἐπʼ ἔσχατον θράσους Id. Ant. 853 (lyr.) ; ἐπʼ ἔ. ἐλθεῖν ἀηδίας Pl. Phdr. 240d, cf. R. 361d, etc.; ὃ πάντων κακῶν ἔσχατόν ἐστι, τοῦτο πάσχει Id. Phd. 83c ; οἱ τὰ ἔ. πεποιηκότες X. Cyr. 8.8.2 ; ζημιοῦσθαι πᾶσι τοῖς ἐ., Lat. extremis suppliciis, Pl. Plt. 297e ; ἔσχατʼ ἐσχάτων κακά worst of possible evils, S. Ph. 65, cf. Philem. 178 ; εἰς τὰ ἔ. ἐληλυθώς UPZ 60.12 (ii B.C.) : Comp.οὔτε γὰρ τοῦ ἐσχάτου -ώτερον εἴη ἄν τι Arist. Metaph. 1055a20 : Sup. -ώτατος f.l. in X. HG 2.3.49, cf. Phryn. 51 ; τὰ -ώτατα Phld. Hom.p.320. 3. of Persons, lowest, meanest, D.S. 8.18, D.C. 42.5, Alciphr. 3.43 : prov., οὐδείς, οὐδʼ ὁ Μυσῶν ἔ., i.e. the meanest of mankind, Magnes 5, cf. Philem. 77 ; in Pl. Tht. 209b it seems to mean the remotest of mankind, cf. πρὸς ἐσχάτην Μυσῶν v.l. in App.Prov. 2.85 (παρὰ τοῖς ἐ. τῆς Μυσίας Apostol. 8.1); similarly οὐδὲ τὸν ἔσχατον Καρῶν Plu. 2.871b. 4. of Time, last, ἐς τὸ ἔ. to the end, Hdt. 7.107, Th. 3.46; ἔ. πλόος, ναυτιλίαι, the end of it, Pi. P. 10.28, N. 3.22 ; ἐσχάτας ὑπὲρ ῥίζας over the last scion of the race, S. Ant. 599 (lyr.); ἔ. Ἑλλήνων, Ῥωμαίων, Plu. Phil. 1, Brut. 44 : neut. ἔσχατον, as Adv., for the last time, S. OC 1550 ; finally, best of all, 1 Ep.Cor. 15.8; at the latest, ἔ. ἐν τρισὶ μησίν SIG 1219.11 (Gambreion, iii B. C.), cf. Inscr.Prien. 4.45 (iv B. C.); εἰς τὴν ἐσχάτην at the last, LXXEc. 1.11 ; ἐπʼ ἐσχάτῳ ib.2 Ki. 24.25, al.: Subst. ἐσχάτη, ἡ, end, οὐχ ἕξεις ἐ. καλήν Astramps. Orac. 21.4, cf. 40.3. 5. in the Logic of Arist., τὰ ἔ. are the last or lowest species, Metaph.1059b26, or individuals, ib.998b16, cf. AP 0.96b12, al.; τὸ ἔ. ἄτομον Metaph. 1058b10. b. ὁ ἔ. ὅρος the minor term of a syllogism, EN 1147b14. c. last step in geom. analysis or ultimate condition of action, τὸ ἔ. ἀρχὴ τῆς πράξεως de An. 433a16. II. Adv. -τως to the uttermost, exceedingly, πῦρ ἐ. καίει Hp. de Arte 8; ἐ. διαμάχεσθαι Arist. HA 613a11 ; ἐ. φιλοπόλεμος X. An. 2.6.1 ; φοβοῦμαί σʼ ἐ. Men. 912, cf. Epicur. Ep. 1p.31U. b. -τως διακεῖσθαι to be at the last extremity, Plb. 1.24.2, D.S. 18.48 ; ἔχειν Ev.Marc. 5.23 ; ἀπορεῖν Phld. Oec.p.72J. 2. so ἐς τὸ ἔ.,=ἐσχάτως, Hdt. 7.229; εἰς τὰ ἔ. X. HG 5.4.33 ; εἰς τὰ ἔ. μάλα Id. Lac. 1.2 ; τὸ ἔ. finally, in the end, Pl. Grg. 473c ; but, τὸ ἔ. what is worst of all, ib.508d.
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