ἀπό

ἀπό, Aeol., Thess., Arc., Cypr. ἀπύ Sapph. 44, cf. 78, Alc. 33, Theoc. 28.16,IG 12(2).6.45 (Mytil.), ἀπυδόμεναι ib.9(2).594 (Larissa), 5(2).6 (Tegea), etc.:—Prep. usually with Gen. but v. infr. B. (Cf. Skt. ápa, Lat. ab, Umbr. ap-ehtre ‘ab extra’, Goth. af, OE. af, cef, of, etc.) A. Orig. sense, from. [ᾰπŏ: where ἀπō is found in Ep. before ϝ or liquids (as ἀπὸ ἕθεν Il. 6.62, ἀπὸ νευρῆς 11.664, Hes. Sc. 409) ἀπαί was sometimes written in later texts, cf. Eust. 625.11:— ᾱ metri gr. in Ep. compds., such as ἀπονέεσθαι.] I. OF PLACE, the earliest, and in Hom. the prevailing sense: 1. of Motion, from, away from, ἐσσεύοντο νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων Il. 2.208; pleonastic, ἀ. Τροίηθεν ib.24.492; ἀπʼ οὐρανόθεν 8.365 (later with Advbs., ἀπὸ ἔμπροσθεν LXX Ec. 1.10, etc.); strengthd., ἐκτὸς ἀ. κλισιης Il. 10.151; also ἀπʼ αἰῶνος νέος ὤλεο, implying departure from life, ib.24.725; opp. ἐξ, of relatively superficial motion, λαμβάνομεν οὔτε ἐκ τῆς γῆς οὐδέν, οὔτʼ ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκιῶν X. Mem. 2.7.2; similarly of the cause or ground, ἐξ ὧν προηγώνισθε καὶ ἀφʼ ὧν εἰκάζω Th. 4.126:— freq. of warriors fighting from chariots, etc., οἱ μὲν ἀφʼ ἵππων, οἱ δʼ ἀ. νηῶν . . μάχοντο Il. 15.386; ἀφʼ ἵππων μάρνασθαι Od. 9.49; so ἡ μάχη ἦν ἀφʼ ἵππων Hdt. 1.79; λαμπὰς ἔσται ἀφʼ ἵππων on horseback, Pl. R. 328a; ἀφʼ ἵππου θηρεύειν X. An. 1.2.7; ἀ. νεῶν πεζομαχεῖν Th. 7.62; ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶν αἰρόμενος τοὺς ἱστοὺς ἀ. τούτων ἐσκοπεῖτο X. HG 6.2.29; ὀμμάτων ἄπο . . κατέσταζον γένυν, of tears, E. Hec. 240: joined with ἐκ, ἐκ Κορίνθου ἀ. τοῦ στρατοπέδου Pl. Tht. 142a. 2. of Position, away from, far from, μένων ἀ. ἧς ἀλόχοιο Il. 2.292 (cf. ἀπʼ ἀνδρὸς εἶναι to live apart from a man or husband, Plu. CG 4); κεκρυμμένος ἀπʼ ἄλλων Od. 23.110; μοῦνος ἀπʼ ἄλλων h.Merc. 193; ἀπʼ ὀφθαλμῶν, ἀπʼ οὔατος, far from sight or hearing, Il. 23.53, 18.272, cf. 22.454; ἀ. θαλάσσης ᾠκίσθησαν Th. 1.7, cf. 46; αὐλίζεσθαι ἀ. τῶν ὅπλων Id. 6.64; ἀπʼ οἴκου εἶναι Id. 1.99; σπεύδειν ἀ. ῥυτῆρος far from, i.e. without using the rein, S. OC 900; in Hom. freq. strengthd., τῆλε ἀ. . ., νόσφιν ἀ. . ., Il. 23.880, 5.322; in measurement of distances, ὅσον ιέ στάδια ἀ. Φυλῆς X. HG 2.4.4, etc.; but later the numeral follows ἀ., πηγὰς ἔχων ἀ. μ σταδίων τῆς θαλάσσης D.S. 4.56; ἀ. σταδίων κ τῆς πόλεως Plu. Phil. 4; κατεστρατοπέδευσεν ἀ. ν σταδίων fifty stades away, Id. Oth. 11, cf. D.Chr. 17.17. 3. of the mind, ἀ. θυμοῦ away from, i. e. alien from, my heart, Il. 1.562; ἀ. δόξης 10.324; οὐ . . ἀ. σκοποῦ οὐδʼ ἀ. δόξης Od. 11.344; ἀ. τοῦ ἀνθρωπείου τρόπου Th. 1.76; οὐδὲν ἀ. τρόπου not without reason, Pl. R. 470b; οὐκ ἀ. σκοποῦ, καιροῦ, Id. Tht. 179c, 187e; οὐκ ἀ. γνώμης S. Tr. 389; οὐκ ἀ. τοῦ πράγματος D. 24.6; μάλα πολλὸν ἀπʼ ἐλπίδος ἔπλετο A.R. 2.863. 4. in pregnant sense, with Verbs of rest, previous motion being implied (cf. ἐκ) , ἀνὰ δʼ ἐβόασεν . . ἀ. πέτρας σταθείς E. Tr. 523; ἀ.τῆς ἐμῆς κεφαλῆς τὴν [ἐκείνου] κεφαλὴν ἀναδήσω, i. e. taking the chaplet off my head, and placing it on his, Pl. Smp. 212e: with Verbs of hanging, where ἐκ is more common, ἁψαμένη βρόχον ἀ. μελάθρου Od. 11.278. 5. with the Article, where the sense of motion often disappears, οἱ ἀ. τῶν οἰκιῶν φεύγουσιν, i.e. οἱ ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις φεύγουσιν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν, X. Cyr. 7.5.23; οἱ ἀ. τῶν πύργων . . ἐπαρήξουσι ib.6.4.18; αἴρειν τὰ ἀ. τῆς γῆς Pl. Cra. 410b; αἱ ἵπποι αἱ ἀ. τοῦ ἅρματος v.l. in Hdt. 4.8; ὁ Ἀθηναῖος ὁ ἀ. τοῦ στρατεύματος X. An. 7.2.19; τὸν ἀ. γραμμᾶς κινεῖ λίθον Theoc. 6.18. 6. partitive, λαχὼν ἀ. ληΐδος αἶσαν part taken from the booty, a share of it, Od. 5.40; αἴρεσθαι ἀ. τῶν καλπίδων Ar. Lys. 539; ἀ. ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι παίδων εἷς μοῦνος Hdt. 6.27; ὀλίγοι ἀ. πολλῶν Th. 7.87, cf. A. Pers. 1023. 7. Math., of figures described upon a base, κῶνον ἀναγράφειν ἀ. κύκλου Archim. Sph.Cyl. 1.19, etc.; τὸ ἀ. τῆς AB τετράγωνον the square on AB, Euc. 1.47, cf. 48; εἴδεα ἀ. . . Archim. Spir. 10,11. 8. ἀ. ἀνθρώπου ἕως γυναικός man and woman, LXX1 Es. 9.40; ἀ. ἀρσενικοῦ ἕως θηλυκοῦib.Nu. 5.3. 9. from being, instead of, ἀθανάταν ἀ. θνατᾶς . . ἐποίησας Βερενίκαν Theoc. 15.106. 10. privative, free from, without, ἀ. πάσης ἀκαθαρσίας PLips. 16.19 (ii A. D.); ἀ. ζημίας PTeb 420.4 (iii A. D.). II. OF TIME, from, after, Hom. only in Il. 8.54 ἀ. δείπνου θωρήσσοντο rising up from, i.e. after, cf. Hdt. 1.133; ἀ. δείπνου εἶναι or γενέσθαι, Id. 1.126, 2.78, 5.18, al.; ἀ. τοῦ σιτίου πίνειν Hp. Salubr. 5; ἀ. τῶν σίτων διαπονεῖσθαι X. Lac. 5.8; in narrative, τὸ ἀ. τούτου or τοῦδε, from this point onwards, Hdt. 1.4,2.99; ἀ. τούτου τοῦ χρόνου Id. 1.82, X. An. 7.5.8; τὸ ἀπʼ ἐκείνου Luc. Tox. 25; ἡμέρῃ δεκάτῃ ἀφʼ ἧς . . Hdt. 3.14, etc.; δευτέρῃ ἡμέρῃ ἀ. τῆς ἐμπρήσιος Id. 8.55, cf. X. An. 1.7.18, etc.; ἀφʼ οὗ χρόνου Id. Cyr. 1.2.13; more often ἀπʼ or ἀφʼ οὗ, Hdt. 2.44, Th. 1.18, etc.; ἀφʼ οὗπερ A. Pers. 177; ἀφʼ ἧς Plu. Pel. 15; εὐθὺς ἀ. παλαιοῦ, ἀ. τοῦ πάνυ ἀρχαίου, of olden time, Th. 1.2,2.15; ἀπʼ ἀρχᾶς Pi. P. 8.25, etc.; ἀ. γενεᾶς X. Cyr. 1.2.8; ἀφʼ ἑσπέρας from the beginning of evening, i.e. at eventide, Th. 7.29; ἀ. πρώτου ὕπνου ib.43; ἀ. μέσων νυκτῶν Ar. V. 218; ἀπʼ ἀγροῦ fresh from field-work, Ev.Marc. 15.21, cf. 7.4; ἀ. νουμηνίας X. An. 5.6.23; χρονίζειν ἀ. τοῦ καιροῦ tarry beyond the time, LXX2 Ki. 20.5; ἀ. τέλους ἐννέα μηνῶν at the end of . ., ib.24.8; γενόμενος ἀ. τῆς ἀρχῆς Plu. Caes. 5: hence ἀ. ἀγωνοθετῶν an εχ-ἀγωνοθέτης, IG 3.398; ἀ. λογιστῶν POxy. 1103.3 (iv A. D.); οἱ ἀ. ὑπατείας, = consulares, Hdn. 7.1.9, etc.; but ἀ. τινος the freedman of . ., IG 5(2).50.59(Tegea, ii A. D.), cf.ib.5(1).1391 (Andania), 1473. III. OF ORIGIN, CAUSE, etc.: 1. of that from which one is born, οὐ γὰρ ἀ. δρυός ἐσσι οὐδʼ ἀ. πέτρης not sprung from oak or rock, Od. 19.163; γίγνονται δʼ ἄρα ταί γʼ ἔκ τε κρηνέων ἀ. τʼ ἀλσέων 10.350, cf. S. OT 415, OC 571, etc.: sts. ἀπό denotes remote, and ἐκ immediate, descent, τοὺς μὲν ἀ. θεῶν, τοὺς δʼ ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν θεῶν γεγονότας Isoc. 12.81, cf. Hdt. 7.150; πέμπτη ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ γέννα A. Pr. 853; τρίτος ἀ. Διός third in descent from Zeus, Pl. R. 391c; οἱ ἀ. γένους τινός his descendants, Plu. Them. 32; Περσέως ἀφʼ αἵματος E. Alc. 509: of the place one springs from, ἵπποι . . ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος Il. 2.839. cf. 849; Ἡρακλεῖδαι οἱ ἀ. Σπάρτης Hdt. 8.114, cf. Th. 1.89, etc.; τοὺς ἀ. Φρυγίας X. Cyr. 2.1.5, etc.:hence, b. metaph. of things, Χαρίτων ἄπο κάλλος ἔχουσαι Od. 6.18; θεῶν ἄπο μήδεα εἰδώς ib.12; γάλα ἀ. βοός A. Pers. 611; μῆνις ἀφʼ ἡμῶν Id. Eu. 314; ἡ ἀφʼ ὑμῶν τιμωρία Th. 1.69; ὁ ἀ. τῶν πολεμίων φόβος fear inspired by the enemy, X. Cyr. 3.3.53. c. of persons, οἱ ἀ. τῆς χώρας, τῆς πόλεως, country folk, townsfolk, Plb. 2.6.8, 5.70.8; and so of connexion with the founder or leader of a sect, οἱ ἀ. Πυθαγόρου Luc. Herm. 14; οἱ ἀ. Πλάτωνος Plu. Brut. 2; οἱ ἀ. τοῦ περιπάτου, ἀ. τῆς Στοᾶς, etc., Luc. Cont. 6; generally οἱ ἀ. φιλοσοφίας καὶ λόγων philosophers and learned men, ibid.; οἱ ἀ. σκηνῆς καὶ θεάτρου stage players, Plu. Sull. 2; οἱ ἀ. τῆς βουλῆς Id. Caes. 10, etc.; ὁ ἀφʼ ἑστίας παῖς, v. ἑστία; ἀπʼ ἐξωμίδος with only an ἐξωμίς, S.E. P. 1.153. 2. of the material from or of which a thing is made, εἵματα ἀ. ξύλου πεποιημένα Hdt. 7.65; ἀπʼ ὄμφακος τεύχειν οἶνον A. Ag. 970, cf. S. Tr. 704; ὅσσα ἀ. γλυκερῶ μέλιτος Theoc. 15.117; ἔνδυμα ἀ. τριχῶν καμήλου Ev.Matt. 3.4: hence στέφανος ἀ. ταλάντων ἑξήκοντα of or weighing 60 talents, Decr. ap. D. 18.92, cf. Plb. 24.1.7, IG 2.555.10, al.: hence of value, θύεν αἶγα ἀ. δραχμᾶν εἴκοσι GDI 3707 (Cos); κρᾶσις ἀ. τε τῆς ἡδονῆς συγκεκραμένη καὶ ἀ. τῆς λύπης Pl. Phd. 59a; so, by an extension of this use, εἰδεχθής τις ἀ. τοῦ προσώπου ugly of countenance, Thphr. Char. 28.4; θῆλυν ἀ. χροιῆς Theoc. 16.49; σεμνὸς ἀ. τοῦ σχήματος Luc. DMort. 10.8. 3. of the instrument from or by which a thing is done, τοὺς . . πέφνεν ἀπʼ ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο by arrow shot from silver bow, Il. 24.605; τόξου ἄπο κρατεροῦ ὀλέκοντα φάλαγγας 8.279; ἐμῆς ἀπὸ χειρός 10.371, 11.675; so ἀ. χειρὸς ἐργάζεσθαι μεγάλα Luc. Hist.Conscr. 29; γυμνάζεσθαι ἀ. σκελῶν, χειρῶν, τραχήλου, X. Lac. 5.9; μάχεσθαι ἀ. ἄκοντος Str. 17.3.7; ἡ ἀ. τοῦ ξίφους μάχη D.S. 5.29; βάπτειν τὸν δάκτυλον ἀ. τοῦ αἵματος LXX Le. 4.7. 4. of the person from whom an act comes, i.e. by whom it is done, οὐδὲν μέγα ἔργον ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο Hdt. 1.14; ζήτησιν ἀ. σφέων γενέσθαι Id. 2.54; ἐπράχθη οὐδὲν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἔργον ἀξιόλογον Th. 1.17, cf. 6.61; ἀ. τινος ὄνασθαι Pl. R. 528a, etc.; so τἀπʼ ἐμοῦ, τἀπὸ σοῦ, E. Tr. 74, S. OC 1628; τὰ ἀ. τῶν Ἀθηναίων Th. 1.127; in later Greek freq. of the direct agent, Plb. 1.34.8, Str. 5.4.12, D.H. 9.12, Ev.Luc. 9.22, J. AJ 20.8.10, etc.; in codd. this may sts. be due to confusion with ὑπό, but cf. PMag.Par. 1.256, BGU 1185.26(Aug.), SIG 820.8(Ephesus, i A. D.), etc. 5. of the source from which life, power, etc., are sustained, ζῆν ἀπʼ ὕλης ἀγρίης Hdt. 1.203; ἀ. κτήνεων καὶ ἰχθύων ib.216; ἀ. πολέμου Id. 5.6; ἀπʼ ἐλαχίστων χρημάτων X. Mem. 1.2.14; ἀ. τῆς ἀγορᾶς Id. An. 6.1.1; τρέφειν τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀ. τῶν νήσων Id. HG 4.8.9, cf. Th. 1.99; ἀ. τῶν κοινῶν πλουτεῖν Ar. Pl. 569, cf. D. 24.124; ἀ. μικρῶν εὔνους . . γεγένησαι Ar. Eq. 788, cf. D. 18.102; ἀφʼ ὥρας ἐργάζεσθαι quaestum corpore facere, Plu. Tim. 14. 6. of the cause, means, or occasion from, by, or because of which a thing is done, ἀ. τούτου κριοπρόσωπον τὤγαλμα τοῦ Διὸς ποιεῦσι Hdt. 2.42; ἀ. τινος ἐπαινεῖσθαι, θαυμάζεσθαι, ὠφελεῖσθαι, Th. 2.25,6.12, X. Cyr. 1.1.2; ἀ. τῶν ξυμφορῶν διαβάλλεσθαι Th. 5.17; τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν ἔχειν ἀ. τινος Id. 1.46; ἀ. λῃστείας τὸν βίον ἔχειν X. An. 7.7.9; ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων κρίνειν D. 2.27; ἀ. τοῦ πάθους in consequence of . ., Th. 4.30; βλάπτειν τινὰ ἀ. τινος Id. 7.29; κατασκευάσαντα τὸ πλοῖον ἀφʼ ὧν ὑπελάμβανε σωθήσεσθαι D. 18.194; τρόπαιον ἀ. τινος εἱστήκει on occasion of his defeat, Id. 19.320; τλήμων οὖσʼ ἀπʼ εὐτόλμου φρενός A. Ag. 1302, cf. 1643; ἀ. δικαιοσύνης by reason of it (v. l. for ὑπό), Hdt. 7.164; ἀ. τῶν αὐτῶν λημμάτων on the same scale of profits, D. 3.34, etc.; for ὅσον ἀ. βοῆς ἕνεκα, v. ἕνεκα: hence in half adverbial usages, ἀ. σπουδῆς in earnest, eagerly, Il. 7.359; ἀ. τοῦἴσου, ἀ. τῆς ἴσης, or ἀπʼ ἴσης, equally, Th. 1.99,15, D. 14.6, etc.; ἀπʼ ὀρθῆς καὶ δικαίας τῆς ψυχῆς Id. 18.298; ἀ. ἀντιπάλου παρασκευῆς Th. 1.91; ἀ. τοῦ προφανοῦς openly, ib.35; ἀ. τοῦ εὐθέος straightforwardly, Id. 3.43; ἀ. τοῦ αὐτομάτου of free-will, Pl. Prt. 323c; ἀ. γλώσσης by word of mouth, Hdt. 1.123 (but also, from hearsay, A. Ag. 813); ἀ. στόματος Pl. Tht. 142d; ἀπʼ ὄψεως at sight, Lys. 16.19; ἀ. χειρὸς λογίζεσθαι on your fingers, Ar. V. 656; πεύθομαι δʼ ἀπʼ ὀμμάτων νόστον A. Ag. 988; ὀμμάτων ἄπο in the public gaze, E. Med. 216; ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου ἄρχοντας καθίστασθαι X. Mem. 1.2.9; ἡ βουλὴ ἡ ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου Th. 8.66, cf. IG 1.9; τοὺς ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου δισχιλίους ἄνδρας Arist. Ath. 24.3; τριηράρχους αἱρεῖσθαι ἀ. τῆς οὐσίας Decr. ap. D. 18.106; ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ from oneself, on oneʼs own account, Th. 8.6, etc.; ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ γνώμης Id. 4.68; ἀ. συνθήματος, ἀ. παραγγέλματος, by agreement, by word of command, Hdt. 5.74, Th. 8.99; ἀ. σάλπιγγος by sound of trumpet, X. Eq.Mag. 3.12 (s.v.l.); ἐπίτροπος ἀ. τῶν λόγων, = Lat. procurator a rationibus, Ann.Epigr..1913.143a (Ephesus, ii A. D.). 7. of the object spoken of, τὰ ἀ. τῆς νήσου οἰκότα ἐστί the things told from or of the island . ., Hdt. 4.195, cf. 54, 7.195; νόμος κείμενος ἀ. τῶν τεχνῶν Ar. Ra. 762. B. in Arc., Cypr., ἀπύ takes dat., ἀπὺ τᾷ [ἁμέρᾳ] IG 5(2).6 (Tegea); ἀπὺ τᾷ ζᾷ Inscr.Cypr. 135.8 H. (Idalion). 2. in later Greek ἀπό is found c. acc., PLond. 1.124.30 (iv/v A. D.). C. in Hom. frequent with Verbs in tmesi, as Il. 5.214, etc., and sts. in Prose, as Hdt. 8.89. D. IN COMPOS.: 1. asunder, as ἀποκόπτω, ἀπολύω, ἀποτέμνω: and hence, away, off, as ἀποβάλλω, ἀποβαίνω; denoting, remoual of an accusation, as ἀπολογέομαι, ἀποψηφίζομαι. 2. finishing off, completing, ἀπεργάζομαι, ἀπανδρόω, ἀπανθρωπίζω, ἀπογλαυκόω. 3. ceasing from, leaving off, as ἀπαλγέω, ἀποκηδεύω, ἀπολοφύρομαι, ἀποζέω, ἀπανθίζω, ἀφυβρίζω. 4. back again, as ἀποδίδωμι, ἀπολαμβάνω, ἀπόπλους: also, in full, or what is oneʼs own, as ἀπέχω, ἀπολαμβάνω: freq. it only strengthens the sense of the simple. 5. by way of abuse, as in ἀποκαλέω. 6. almost = ἀ- priv.; sts. with Verbs, as ἀπαυδάω, ἀπαγορεύω; more freq. with Adjectives, as ἀποχρήματος, ἀπότιμος, ἀπόσιτος, ἀπόφονος. E. ἄπο, by anastrophe for ἀπό, when it follows its Noun, as ὀμμάτων ἄπο S. El. 1231, etc.; never in Prose. 2. ἄπο for ἄπεστι, Semon. 1.20, Timocr. 9.