Texts and licences for the Plato Reader

Texts & Licences

This reader presents Greek texts, English translations, and reference works. Their sources — and, where a source requires it, its licence terms — are credited below.

Greek Lexicon (LSJ) CC BY-SA 3.0

The word popups and lemma entries are drawn from the Greek–English Lexicon of Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott, revised by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 9th ed. 1940; supplement 1996).

The machine-readable edition used here is the XML transcription prepared by the Perseus Digital Library at Tufts University and is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States licence.

Liddell, Henry George, and Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon. Revised and augmented by Henry Stuart Jones. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940. Machine-readable version: Perseus Digital Library, Trustees of Tufts University. CC BY-SA 3.0 US.

The CC BY-SA licence requires that any derivative work be distributed under the same terms. This application's lexical data is a subset and derivative of that work; users who redistribute it must carry this attribution notice and the same CC BY-SA licence.

English Translations CC BY-SA 4.0 (encoding)

Every dialogue carries its Loeb Classical Library translation — Harold North Fowler, W. R. M. Lamb, Robert Gregg Bury, or Paul Shorey (for the Republic). Some dialogues additionally carry an older public-domain translation as a second voice, which the reader can show beside the Loeb in a side-by-side compare view. The list below is generated directly from the corpus registry, so it always matches what the reader carries and names each translator with their year.

• Euthyphro
  • H. N. Fowler (Loeb, 1914)
  • Benjamin Jowett (3rd ed., 1892)
• Apology
  • H. N. Fowler (Loeb, 1914)
• Crito
  • H. N. Fowler (Loeb, 1914)
  • Benjamin Jowett (3rd ed., 1892)
• Phaedo
  • H. N. Fowler (Loeb, 1914)
• Cratylus
  • H. N. Fowler (Loeb, 1926)
  • Benjamin Jowett (3rd ed., 1892)
• Theaetetus
  • H. N. Fowler (Loeb, 1921)
  • Benjamin Jowett (3rd ed., 1892)
• Sophist
  • H. N. Fowler (Loeb, 1921)
  • Benjamin Jowett (3rd ed., 1892)
• Statesman
  • H. N. Fowler (Loeb, 1925)
• Symposium
  • W. R. M. Lamb (Loeb, 1925)
• Parmenides
  • H. N. Fowler (Loeb, 1926)
• Philebus
  • H. N. Fowler (Loeb, 1925)
  • Benjamin Jowett (3rd ed., 1892)
• Phaedrus
  • H. N. Fowler (Loeb, 1914)
  • Benjamin Jowett (3rd ed., 1892)
• Alcibiades I
  • W. R. M. Lamb (Loeb, 1927)
• Alcibiades II
  • W. R. M. Lamb (Loeb, 1927)
• Hipparchus
  • W. R. M. Lamb (Loeb, 1927)
• Lovers
  • W. R. M. Lamb (Loeb, 1927)
• Theages
  • W. R. M. Lamb (Loeb, 1927)
• Charmides
  • W. R. M. Lamb (Loeb, 1927)
• Laches
  • W. R. M. Lamb (Loeb, 1924)
  • Benjamin Jowett (3rd ed., 1892)
• Lysis
  • W. R. M. Lamb (Loeb, 1925)
• Euthydemus
  • W. R. M. Lamb (Loeb, 1924)
• Protagoras
  • W. R. M. Lamb (Loeb, 1924)
• Gorgias
  • W. R. M. Lamb (Loeb, 1925)
  • Benjamin Jowett (3rd ed., 1892)
• Meno
  • W. R. M. Lamb (Loeb, 1924)
  • Benjamin Jowett (3rd ed., 1892)
• Hippias Major
  • H. N. Fowler (Loeb, 1926)
• Hippias Minor
  • H. N. Fowler (Loeb, 1926)
• Ion
  • W. R. M. Lamb (Loeb, 1925)
  • Benjamin Jowett (3rd ed., 1892)
• Menexenus
  • R. G. Bury (Loeb, 1929)
• Clitophon
  • R. G. Bury (Loeb, 1929)
• Republic
  • Paul Shorey (Loeb, 1930–35)
• Timaeus
  • R. G. Bury (Loeb, 1929)
• Critias
  • R. G. Bury (Loeb, 1929)
• Minos
  • W. R. M. Lamb (Loeb, 1927)
• Laws
  • R. G. Bury (Loeb, 1926)
• Epinomis
  • W. R. M. Lamb (Loeb, 1927)
• Letters
  • R. G. Bury (Loeb, 1929)

The English texts are reproduced from the Perseus canonical-greekLit corpus, which carries them as TEI XML. Perseus's TEI encoding — the markup, section milestones, and file structure — is licensed Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International, per the repository's licence file; this site uses that encoding and carries this attribution accordingly.

The additional public-domain translations (e.g. Benjamin Jowett's) are long out of copyright and are drawn from digitisations such as Project Gutenberg. They do not carry Stephanus milestones of their own; each is aligned to the Loeb reference speaker‑turn by speaker‑turn, so it inherits the exact Stephanus anchor of the turn it translates — the reader lines the two up row for row.

The files used here are pinned to a specific commit rather than tracking the corpus as it moves, so a rebuild is always reproducible; the exact revision, per-file checksums, and source paths are recorded in sources/INVENTORY.md. A handful of Perseus files were missing a Stephanus section milestone at a sentence boundary; the four hand-verified corrections (checked against the Greek incipit at each point) are documented in sources/perseus-eng/PATCHES.md. If you hold rights to any text shown here and wish it removed, please get in touch.

Stephanus Pagination

Plato is cited by Stephanus page and section letter (e.g. 17a), keyed to Henri Estienne's 1578 Geneva edition — by page and section only, with no user-facing line numbers. The Greek text here preserves that page/section structure directly from the TLG's TEI markup, so every Stephanus token shown beside the Greek is exact.

The Loeb translations carry their own Stephanus milestones from Perseus's TEI encoding, and these are used to align the English to the Greek section for section directly — no interpolation or estimation is involved. (The additional public-domain translations inherit their Stephanus by turn alignment, as described above.) A few Perseus files were missing a milestone or two at odd points; see the patches noted above.

Greek Text

The Greek text of each dialogue follows John Burnet's Platonis Opera (Oxford Classical Texts, 1900–1907). The scholarly print edition it follows is listed below.

• Euthyphro — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1900 (repr. 1967).
• Apology — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1900 (repr. 1967).
• Crito — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1900 (repr. 1967).
• Phaedo — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1900 (repr. 1967).
• Cratylus — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1900 (repr. 1967).
• Theaetetus — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1900 (repr. 1967).
• Sophist — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1900 (repr. 1967).
• Statesman — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1900 (repr. 1967).
• Symposium — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1901 (repr. 1967).
• Parmenides — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1901 (repr. 1967).
• Philebus — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1901 (repr. 1967).
• Phaedrus — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1901 (repr. 1967).
• Alcibiades I — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1901 (repr. 1967).
• Alcibiades II — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1901 (repr. 1967).
• Hipparchus — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1901 (repr. 1967).
• Lovers — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1901 (repr. 1967).
• Theages — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 3. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903 (repr. 1968).
• Charmides — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 3. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903 (repr. 1968).
• Laches — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 3. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903 (repr. 1968).
• Lysis — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 3. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903 (repr. 1968).
• Euthydemus — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 3. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903 (repr. 1968).
• Protagoras — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 3. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903 (repr. 1968).
• Gorgias — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 3. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903 (repr. 1968).
• Meno — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 3. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903 (repr. 1968).
• Hippias Major — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 3. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903 (repr. 1968).
• Hippias Minor — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 3. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903 (repr. 1968).
• Ion — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 3. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903 (repr. 1968).
• Menexenus — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 3. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903 (repr. 1968).
• Clitophon — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 4. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1902 (repr. 1968).
• Republic — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 4. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1902 (repr. 1968).
• Timaeus — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 4. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1902 (repr. 1968).
• Critias — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 4. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1902 (repr. 1968).
• Minos — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 5. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1907 (repr. 1967).
• Laws — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 5. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1907 (repr. 1967).
• Epinomis — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 5. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1907 (repr. 1967).
• Letters — J. Burnet, ed. Platonis opera, vol. 5. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1907 (repr. 1967).

The digital text was extracted using the Diogenes tool against the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae (TLG) corpus, which supplied the Stephanus-paginated XML structure for Burnet's edition. The TLG's own digital text is a licensed, subscription resource — it is used here only as a build-time export tool and is not itself redistributed; what this site publishes is Burnet's Greek, structurally lineated by that tooling.

Morphological Data Open

Morphological analyses (lemma, gloss, grammatical parse) are produced by the Morpheus morphological analyser as distributed with Diogenes. See the Diogenes and Perseus project pages for applicable terms.

Application Code MIT

The pipeline and web application source code (Python and TypeScript/Svelte) are released under the MIT Licence. Data files derived from CC BY-SA sources are excluded from this grant and remain subject to CC BY-SA.

Site by John H. Boyer.